Current event summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Current event summary - Assignment Example Although it is easy to say that he is a failed leader due to the current state of the world and the international developments that have taken place throughout the world since his election to the position of Secretariat of the United Nations, it is however unfair to tarnish his abilityto lead based upon the diverse and self interested actions of the partipants in the process. No matter thequality of the leader, it is doubtful if they could conceive of a better job than what Bahn Ki Moon is already performing. Camila Batmanghelidjh – although one of the most non-traditional people that this brief analysis will contend with, Camila Batmanghelidjh is one that has effected a massively positive difference in the lives of countless disenfranchised and underprivileged children in and around the London area. As a function of her dedication, the level to which shelter and food has been available to street children who would otherwise have little to no future has been drastically changed for the better. Whereas she may be somewhat non-traditional and non-conformist in her appearance or particular attitude to life, she has nonetheless made a profound influence on the lives of many as a result of her tireless activism and leadership abilities. Hugo Chavez – though a controversial leader that opposed the United States at nearly each and every turn, it is undeniable that Chavez demonstrated the qualities of an exceptional leader. When one researchers and understands the level of time and attention he paid to the plight of the poor and underprivileged classes within Venezuela, the activities of some of the â€Å"free world’s† most progressive politicians pale in comparison. Rather than analyzing Chavez from the perspective of his international relations and the odd alliances he made with Iran and the Russian Federation, it is much better to consider him from the standpoint of what he was able to do for his own people as well as

Endocrine System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Endocrine System - Essay Example The control and coordination of all bodily processes is done by the nervous system in tandem with the endocrine system. The two systems are so closely associated that they are collectively called the neuroendocrine system. Neural control centers in the hypothalamus of the brain control the endocrine system. The nervous system uses electrical impulses to exercise control over the body, while the endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones to communicate and link between the nervous system and bodily functions. The major functions of the endocrine system are response to stress and injury, energy metabolism, water and electrolyte balance, reproduction, birth and lactation. The endocrine system is concerned with continuous, long-term effects, which are slow and widespread. The three major components of the endocrine system are the endocrine glands, the hormones and the receptors in the target cells. (Adam 2001). Glands are aggregations of epithelial cells embedded within connective tissue and surrounded by rich vascular networks. The two major categories of glands are exocrine and endocrine. Those glands which excrete substances for elimination are called exocrine glands (derived from the Greek ‘exo’ for outside and ‘krine’ for secrete). These glands have ducts or tubes which carry their secretions to the surface of the skin or into body cavities. Other glands which secrete substances for further use by the body are called endocrine glands (‘endo’ for inside). Endocrine glands are ductless glands which release their secretions directly into the surrounding tissue and blood. The endocrine glands are not physically connected but are distributed throughout the body. Some of them also have non-endocrine functions (Eg. The pancreas also secrete digestive enzymes) and are called mixed glands. The main endocrine glands are the pituitary, the pineal, the thyro id, the parathyroid, the adrenal, the

Examining Social Justice And Equality Politics Essay

Examining Social Justice And Equality Politics Essay Social justice and equality is a significant issue in almost all societies around the world. It encompasses other important issues like human rights, social policies, social welfare problems and the like. It includes concerns about race, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic status, educational attainment and other factors that categorize individuals in a certain community. Therefore, the intricate relationship between social justice, equality and social welfare is vital in understanding the values, norms and attitudes that individuals in a certain society possess. In this paper, I will talk about social justice and equality and how it affects social policies and social work practice. I will also discuss certain relevant concepts like poverty and human rights, and I will also cite some social justice issues faced by vulnerable populations in Canada. Let us start the discussion by defining what social welfare is. According to Hick (2007) social welfare has numerous usages, but it can be seen more often in four basic themes. Social welfare can be a philosophical concept or an abstract set of principles that enable society to seek solutions to social problems. It can also be seen as a product or legislated documents that prescribe how income security and social services are to be carried out. The third theme is that social welfare can be seen as a process or a series of change that is never fully developed due to shifting contexts and lastly, social welfare can be seen as a framework of action which is both a product and a process. (p.2) Canada is known to be a social welfare state wherein social services and income security programs are available to citizens and these programs are provided by the government in various levels. (Hick, 2007, p.1) However, there are debates arising nowadays that questions Canadas position as a welfare state because of the tax cuts in funds that are allocated for social welfare programs such as income supplements and other monetary assistance for people who need help. Hick argued in his book that Canadas social welfare services provided by the government are diminishing, and citizens rely more and more in non-profit and for-profit organizations. Cutbacks on government spending budget for social services has been implemented and strict eligibility criteria has been set in order to determine who are the people deserving of assistance. Hick also stated that Canadian citizens are disagreeing over whether income security programs should be extended, strengthened or reduced. These differences are because differences in political ideologies, economic theories and basic notions and views about income security programs in our society. (Hick, 2007, p.20) In my opinion, the government should not cut budgets on social welfare programs and policies. I think that it is the duty of the Canadian government, as a welfare state to help its citizens in every way possible in terms of attaining socially-just and equal programs and projects with regards to social welfare. So, what is a socially-just welfare system? Our definition of a socially-just welfare can be different because of the different experiences we have. Our definitions may vary because of factors which affect our perception and behavior such as our family, mass media, our religion, education, socio-economic status or the experiences we had in relation to social welfare. For example, if one belongs to a low-income family, his/her definition of socially-just welfare can be those programs that give monetary, social and psychological assistance to all low-income families, without the need for strict criteria of eligibilities. This is because he/she experiences firsthand how hard it is to belong to a low-income family. On the other hand, if one belongs to a high-income family and he/she works hard in order to earn money, he/she may argue that a socially-just welfare system is the one who employs strict rules on eligibility. He/she may argue that peoples taxes should not be used to assist peo ple who are not in great need of assistance. In short, we may have different views regarding a socially-just welfare system because of the experiences and factors that shape the way we perceive things. There are also emerging theories on what is a socially-just just welfare system. For example, ideas such Social Investment State by Anthony Giddens (1998) proposes a social investment state that focuses on social inclusion by strengthening civil society and providing equality of opportunity than equality of outcomes. Giddens believe that jobs should not be low-paying and dead-end in order to attain social inclusion. Also, an inclusive society must provide the basic needs of those who cannot work. (as cited in Hick, 2007, p.105-106) This is one of many views that we can use in analyzing the aspects of social welfare. In a globalized economy wherein every action of almost all countries affects each other, we should always take into consideration the three important aspects namely social justice, equality and human rights intersect. Human rights are inherent rights without which we cannot truly live as human beings. The International Bill of Human Rights is the primary basis of the United Nations (UN) to promote, protect and monitor human rights and fundamental freedom. (Hick, 2007, p.115-116) According to Mishra (1999) globalization undermines the ability of the national governments to pursue policies of full employment and demand management. Furthermore, he said that globalization increases the inequality in wages and working conditions and high-paying jobs are shrinking while part-time employment flourishes. Mishra also pointed out that globalization prioritizes deficit reduction and tax cuts over social security systems. Lastly, he stated that globalization shifts power multi-national corporations and away from the labor and civil society, thus weakening the support for social welfare programs. (as cited in Hick, 2007, p.122-123) In my opinion, social justice, equality and human rights are all forms of protection for people in one way or another. All three preserves the right of the individual to have access to resources like employment, education and leisure. Also, reaching social justice and equality will surely alleviate the condition of individuals and will be able to make them attain the best state of well-being possible. All three concepts focus on the improvement of the individual, not just in monetary forms but most importantly as a complete and contented citizen. But as we have mentioned earlier, these three will not be attained as long as there are existing problems in the society like inequality, discrimination and lack of opportunities. Upon mentioning the hindrances in attaining justice and equality, let us now discuss poverty. According to Hick (2007), Canada is one of the only few countries without an official poverty line. However, Statistics Canada produces the Low Income Cut-off or LICO, which reveals that in 2004 around 3.5 million Canadians or 11.2 percent lived below the after-tax LICO level. (p.205) Poverty can be measured in terms of income, or in terms of how low or high can you locate yourself in the continuum line of LICO. However, according to Hick (2007), poverty is beyond income. Poverty can also be social exclusion or the marginalization of individuals. It means that individuals have limited opportunities or abilities to participate in social, economic, and cultural activities of society. The use of social exclusion is an attempt to broaden the definition of poverty beyond income levels computation. It views poverty as the inability to pursue well-being because of lack of opportunities. (p.210) In my opinion, how we view poverty is affected by the socialization we have as we grow up. We can see poverty as a lack of material or monetary wealth or we can view poverty as social discrimination or social exclusion. If one experiences the exclusion because of prejudice against him/her because he/she is seeking assistance of the government, that in is self can be poverty. Poverty is an important issue because there is a percentage of the Canadian population who belongs to these distinctions. Poverty is evident especially to migrant workers as they are sometimes deemed to have incompetent credentials. Credentialism issue arises as degrees and certification from non-traditional source countries may not be as readily recognized. Discrimination, non-recognition or undervaluing of foreign educational skills, credentials and education are most likely the factors why most immigrants live beyond LICO as opposed to Canadian-born citizens. (Hick, 2007, p.218) Kazemipur and Halli (2001) found out in their study that with everything else held equal (like education and language) the odds of poverty increases by 56 percent if one is an immigrant. (as cited in Hick, 2007, p.218) High poverty rate among immigrants is an example of a social justice issue related to vulnerable populations. Because of the combination of discrimination, limited opportunities to work, hesitance of employers to hire immigrants because of adjustment issues and undervaluing foreigner skills and credentials, immigrants are singled-out. They are not able to realize their full potential and are forced to live below the poverty line because of the reasons mentioned above. According to Hick (2007) these deep-seated problems cannot be solved by the labor market alone. Variety of policies is needed such as employment and pay equity, recognition and promotion of the hidden skills of new immigrants to prospective employers, the provision of language and skills training to the new immigrants and the expedited recognition of foreign credentials. Hick argued that these policies are needed to address the social exclusion of recent immigrants and racialized communities. (p.218) This discrimination of migrant workers because of the fear that they are not as good as Canadian Citizens is a clear manifestation of injustice. In a society that calls itself a social welfare state, this kind of inequality must be eradicated. In my opinion, inequality and injustice arises in a society like ours when people start to mistreat and judge others in terms of their race, ethnicity, gender, social class and the like. As migrants workers adjust to the culture and practices in Canada, it would be unhelpful if people will judge them instead of helping them. Another vulnerable population in Canada is the Aboriginal peoples. According to Hick (2007) 31.2 percent of the Aboriginal peoples live below LICO. (p.218) They are discriminated along with other immigrants in terms of skills and educational attainment, thus making it hard for them to find a high-paying job, or even a sustainable job. Malcom Saulis (2003) discussed the state and condition of programs and policies for social welfare in relation to the Aboriginal peoples in his article Program and Policy Development from a Holistic Aboriginal Perspective which can be found in our Reading text. In his article, he stated that even though Aboriginal communities are now fully capable of delivering and implementing social welfare programs, they still do not have autonomy to do programming in a way that fully takes into account the culture of their people. (Book of Readings, 103-104) This is a social justice issue because the Aboriginal peoples are still deprived to practice and nurture the culture that they have for a very long time already. Limiting them, by not letting them incorporate ceremonies, dances, songs, drums, gatherings and the like in social welfare programs prepared and attended by their own people is equivalent to depriving them of their own well-being. Integration to society should not interfere with the culture and tradition that the Aboriginal people possess. Saulis (2003) identified the difference between Aboriginal and mainstream policy-making processes and found out that Aboriginal peoples are more interested in the collective rather that the individual and the approach of the former is more community-based. (Book of Readings, p.109) Therefore, not letting the Aboriginal peoples decide for themselves in terms of social welfare programs will not work. They have a frame of thought different from the mainstream ideas and it would work best for them to let them practice their traditions and beliefs and let them incorporate it in the programs that the government provides. Canadian social workers therefore have a very important role in ensuring that social justice and equality is incorporated within the delivery and design of social welfare programs and policies. They are the ones who will deal with people and they are also the ones who are placed in-between the government and the recipients of social welfare programs. Social workers are the one who could see the bigger picture, as they know why certain policies are made or approved, and they also know what is happening in the field. They are the people who can see the day-to-day lives of ordinary citizens of Canada who are the targets of the programs. Social justice and equality can be factored into welfare designs and deliveries by assessing the needs of the target population. Since there has been tax cuts recently in the budget for social welfare projects, the government devised tools that would determine whether one is eligible for social welfare or not, such as income allowances and other monetary measures. What should we take into consideration in making and delivering social welfare services is not just the capacity of the individual to make money, but also the acceptance of society itself in that individual. Meaning, instead of looking at the individuals personal problems like he/she cannot find work or he/she cannot find a stable source of income, we should look at what kind of society that the individual revolve around. Is Canadas society discriminating against immigrants, Aboriginal peoples or women? Are there enough work for everybody? What state or working conditions in Canada? By doing these, we do not stereotype the individual and we do not label him/her, but we are actually looking at the holistic view of the current conditions. If Canadas working environment is not discriminating and on the other hand inviting to all citizens, then the target population of social welfare programs in terms of income supplement would be reduced. Justice and equality should be enjoyed by all citizens of Canada, regardless of whether they are immigrants, First Nation peoples, Aboriginal peoples and the like. Government programs should be accessible to all individuals regardless of their race, gender, ethnicity, age, religion, educational attainment and the like. Since social workers are the one who are in the field they can also suggest better ways of conducting social welfare programs and they can also influence policy-making projects of the government and politicians. Social workers can pin point the roots of the problem and suggest more comprehensive solutions in addressing this because they are more exposed to the individuals needing assistance. Also, as mentioned by Hick (2007) in the first page of his book, almost all Canadians of all ages has been in need of help of social welfare programs once in their lives. Even children, single parents, women, aging citizens, disabled or people simply undergoing a difficult time in their lives has in one way or another needed help from the government. (p.1) In terms of international social justice issues, Canadian social workers can also influence the policy-making process of other countries who aim to be a social welfare state. Because of the experiences they already have in working with Canadas programs, they can give efficient programs for starters and they can also be open for consultations in order to guide other countries who want to adapt a welfare state system. In conclusion, I could say that I learned so much about social justice and equality in this assignment. Also, I was able to review the basic concepts about social welfare and was also able to reflect on the state and condition of social work practices and programs in Canada. I hope that the Canadian government as well as the citizens could improve the conditions in our country to further promote social justice and equality and in order to protect and exercise the well-being of its citizens.

You are the SBD (Strategic Business Department) director for a company :: Business and Management Studies

You are the SBD (Strategic Business Department) director for a company operating in the entertainment industry  · Introduction We are currently deciding to set up a subsidiary company which shall enter the fast food industry. This report will give a step by step detailed look upon what is to be done, to accomplish such a mission.  · Establishing Objectives Our main objectives are to be inline with those of the parent company, these are: o Obtaining a market share of 15% during the first 3 years of operation o Cost cutting exercise shall increase o To be customer oriented o To reach a 5% return on investment o To avoid a price war with the existing operator o To provide a high quality service, and o To be a market leader.  · Planning the strategies When planning the setting of the strategies, this process would be divided into two parts. First we shall conduct the research and secondly formulate the strategies form the research obtained. To obtain good strategies for the organisation it is very important to set up a good research team, as the strategies shall base themselves upon the research. A SWOT analysis is an important factor to research, these are the strengths and weaknesses, as well as the opportunities and threats. o It has a parent company, it has recruited the top management o Greenpeace societies might be at a disadvantage o It is shaped towards the fast food industry, having new technology, thus being at advancement over competitors. o Would have to face setup costs, cause of the present competitors. The PESTLE should also be conducted, these consist of: Political aspects, Economic aspects, Socio-cultural aspects, Technological aspects, Employment aspects, and Legal aspects. o Political – Malta currently joined the European Union thus we shall abide by the common laws. o Economic – the Maltese population consume quite a high percentage of fast food, thus we have a good landing in the market. o Socio-cultural – nowadays a lot of families have both parents working thus, lunch or dinner is a quick meal or a meal grabbed from a take away. o Technological – up to date computerized systems will be installed thus creating an upscale form competitors. o Employment – our fast food organisation shall have top management employed within. o Legal – legal issues shall be reviewed regarding recycling and littering. The strategies of the organisation shall be to extract healthy eating and inform our customers, to target young children with their parents, we shall be investing in latest technology and most importantly we shall be setting a lot of promotion.

Case study Wilson Lumber Company Essay

QUESTION 1 WHY HAS WILSON LUMBER BORROWED INCREASING AMOUNTS DESPITE ITS CONSISTENT PROFITABILITY? Although the company seems to be profitable, it has faced shortage of cash. It happened due to increase in Accounts Receivable as well as Inventories. On the other hand, Accounts Payable does not increase that rapidly and difficulties regarding cash collection become evident. Furthermore, the cash collection cycle becomes larger (59 days in year 2003, while more than 70 in year 2006). QUESTION 2 HOW HAS MR. WILSON MET THE FINANCING NEEDS OF THE COMPANY DURING THE PERIOD 2003 THROUGH 2005? HAS THE FINANCIAL STRENGTH OF WILSON LUMBER IMPROVED OR DETERIORATED? EVALUATE WILSON LUMBER FINANCIAL HEALTH. During 2003- 2005 the company borrowed money (long term loan) from bank to finance its operations. In general profitability ratios are positive, however, could be higher. That might be a signal of cost reduction. On the other hand, the company becomes less liquid and its liquidity ratios keep dropping within all years. Both liquidity rations inform that there is lack of cash in the company. The leverage ratios show that company has increased its long term debt and now company becomes more financed by debt than equity. As the debt grows, the interest rates become larger and thus the interest coverage ratio becomes smaller. The activity ratios point out that the cash collection cycle becomes larger therefore company faces some serious issues regarding cash collection (59 days in 2003 whereas 78 in year 2006). QUESTION 3 TO ESTIMATE THE SUSTAINABLE GROWTH RATE (SGR) THAT WLC CAN SUSTAIN WITHOUT  FURTHER WEAKENING THE BALANCE SHEET ASSUMING: NO CHANGE IN THE RATIO OF SALES TO TOTAL ASSETS, NO CHANGE IN THE RATIO OF TOTAL LIABILITIES TO OWNERS’ EQUITY NO EQUITY ISSUES OR REPURCHASES A RETURN ON BEGINNING EQUITY OF 20 % ( THE 2005 LEVEL), AND A CONTINUATION OF THE POLICY OF PAYING NO DIVIDENDS. QUESTION 4 HOW ATTRACTIVE IS TO TAKE THE TRADE DISCOUNTS ? IF MR. WILSON IS OFFERED A DISCOUNT OF 2% FOR A PAYMENT MADE IN 10 DAYS AND  DOES NOT IN FACT 50 DAYS; IF MR. WILSON OFFERS HIS CUSTOMERS TERMS OF 2 % DISCOUNT FOR PAYMENT IN 10 DAYS WHAT WOULD COST. A. 2/10/50 (0.02/(1-0.02))*(360/(50-10))=0.18 % Is 18% interest B. 2/10/30 (0.02/(1-0.02))*(360/(30-10))=0,36% Is 36% interest I would prefer to take a discount because it has a lower interest rate. QUESTION 5 DO YOU AGREE WITH MR. WILSON’S ESTIMATE OF THE COMPANY’S LOAN REQUIREMENTS? HOW MUCH WILL HE NEED TO FINANCE THE EXPECTED EXPANSION IN SALES TO $ 5.5 MILLION IN 2006 AND TO TAKE ALL TRADE DISCOUNTS? We calculated that Mr. Wilson would need an estimate of 982000 not 750000 to finance the expected expansion. As well after viewing the liquidity ratios who tend to decrease in last years, it would be risky to take such a loan. QUESTION 6 AS MR. WILSON’S FINANCIAL ADVISER, WOULD YOU URGE HIM TO GO AHEAD WITH, OR TO RECONSIDER, HIS ANTICIPATED EXPANSION AND HIS PLANS FOR ADDITIONAL DEBT FINANCING ? As financial advisor I would urge Mr Wilson to take the loan, despite the fact of low liquidity and increase in debt throughout the last years. The loan from Suburban National bank is not sufficient for meeting the needs of Mr Wilsons company, furthermore, the debt continues to rise due to the buy-out of Mr Holtz; this also has increased the low liquidity of the company. However, the reasons why I would recommend taking the loan are: So far Mr Wilson was unable to take advantage of the trade discounts (2% off if paid within 10 days), however by taking loan he will be able to do so, in addition, this will also help to increase the profitability by reducing the costs. The EBIT is also increasing steadily, however with the necessary loan Mr Wilson could increase its earnings by one third in only one year. The economic value added also has increased significantly, especially in year 2004 and in year 2005. Despite the significant loan Wilson Lumber Company borrows in year 2006, they will still manage to generate economic value of 12, 55 thousand dollars. Also very good indicator that Mr Wilson should take the loan is the return on invested capital which is actually higher than cost of capital (WACC). Even in year 2006 it is estimated that the ROI will be higher than WACC, while in the next year the ROI will continue to grow. QUESTION 7 AS THE BANKER, WOULD YOU APPROVE MR. WILSON’S LOAN REQUEST, AND, IF SO, WHAT CONDITIONS WOULD YOU PUT ON THE LOAN ? WHAT ABOUT WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT WOULD YOU RECOMMEND HIM? As a banker I would approve the loan as the company itself does not show great risks. Most of the bad indicators (low liquidity) are created by the limited loan provided by Suburban National Bank and also by the customers who does not pay immediately. The rather big inventory also is not that bad  indicator as it also has it benefits- can be ready for unexpected orders. Good indicators which show that Mr Wilsons Company is performing are the increase in sales, net income, and return on equity. If Mr Wilson would like to take the loan, first he would have to agree to such conditions: Maintain the capital at agreed level; Reduce the inventory; Additional investments in fixed assets could be made only with the prior approval of the bank; The accounts receivables must be reduced, by reducing the payment time for customers.

History of the American West

As far as history is concerned, prior to the settling of what we now, the great United States of America, minority groups of inhabitants are the first to established their living in that continent. Their lifestyle, tradition and culture are admirable as well as unique. The first inhabitants of the area are peaceful living natives of the land. However, an entry has changed everything. The phrase mentioned above seemingly denotes the vast riches accumulated in American West from the national expanse that occurred during the westward American expansion.As per history, it connotes the successive flow of riches in their area considering every line of factors such as trade, climate, events and other causation proofs that are evident even in today’s generation. Analyzing the phrases in the statement reveals claims of chain successive economic blooms, which is stated without adequate basis. However, the aggressive entry of American people over the west side has greatly affected the li vings of various inhabitants in the area.Tremendous effects of this entry have brought countless lives to experience suffrage in the early west side. The advancing foreigners tremendously hit the established communities of the native inhabitants causing massive degradation as well as damage in the land of these natives. The advances may have triggered advancement in the side of American people; however, there are those minority individuals and communities that suffered the damage of their actions. Moreover, the land filled with natural blessings has been ravaged by the suppressive citizens of America.It is, indeed, a fact that the west side during those period of time is immersed in massive content of natural resources, geographically, topographically, climatic and most of all naturally. Another fact is, the resources have brought immense conquer in the land of the natives. For the American people, the west side has become their garden flowing with milk and honey. In this essay, we shall take a glimpse back in the past and analyze the scenario that occurred before and compare it in the statement imposed by Martin Ridge.The claims of this treasury build-up are refuted in this paper. Various factors need to be considered before adhering in these false causations. Subjective narration without substantial basis cannot support this kind of claims, especially if the claim is way to opposite from what is reality. We shall analyze the pieces of this statement piece by piece, and critically scrutinize it to prove that such wordings are not even appropriate. â€Å"The history of the American West is, almost by definition, a triumphal narrative†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Starting from the first part mentioned in the statement, connoting â€Å"triumphal narrative† depicts an entry of galore, glorious moment in the history and an event that everybody looks forward. However, does this statement really cover the facts embedded in the American West? Judging the factors, such as top ographical, geographical and the natural advantages present in the place, can we still conclude the same conclusion mentioned in the statement? Crude to say but actually, the United States that we see today is very different compared before when the American people is still starting to colonize the west side.Stephen H. Long, an American explorer who explored the some areas of the Louisiana Purchase in 1819, first gave the term, â€Å"Great American Desert† to illustrate the area roughly between the 98th parallel and the Rocky Mountains. In a series of maps and journals, Long described this region as â€Å"wholly unfit for cultivation and uninhabitable for those dependent on agriculture. † Americans largely view Long's negative impression of the trans-Mississippi as a barren wasteland for decades and most did not become interested in settling there until after the Civil War.During 1803, the President Thomas Jefferson has had a secret conversation through a secret note t hat he has given to the Congress ordering for an expedition into the place west of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. He has felt that a quality and smart military man with perhaps a dozen of handpicked crew can victoriously plot the entire route and do it on an estimation of roughly $2,500. Jefferson's message is regarded secret due to France ownership in that territory. If this is found by the French Government, the expedition can be branded as trespassing.This is the first view of those who seen this great desert; however, western boosters have come up with a plan in order to lure settlers in the area by promoting the â€Å"The Myth of the garden. † In addition, during this period, France has offered a piece of territory in the west side, which is the whole Louisiana Territory, for $15,000,000. That same year, President Tomas Jefferson has his mind patched up and agreed to take the offer. Surprisingly, after an overnight, United States grew by about one million sq uare miles, from the Mississippi to the Rockies and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada.This event has greatly caused widening in the part of the America. During the late 1800’s, around 1870s and 1880s, climatic changes have begun to occur in this arid wasteland. This has encouraged the inhabitants to settle and stay put in this area. American settlers have started rampaging, packing up their luggage and migrated in the land of â€Å"Mythical West Garden†. This became the start of the native’s nightmare. The native settlers during this period are Indians and other minority groups; however, they have been driven away from their homelands by the aggressive and domineering Americans.The stampede has occupied 430 million acres of land, which is actually twice the size of the nation. Furthermore, these settlers carved out ten new states until the three western-based commercial â€Å"empires† are established. Around 1865 and 1890 the American settlers have began their territorial rerouting and their way of income have been through mining, especially gold and silver; farming; and the cattle industry. During the westward expansion, widespread beliefs, activities, and objects influenced the daily existence of western emigrants. Moreover, the American settlers discovered the wide resources present in this area.The long protected forests and the divine natural up-springs are all tarnished by the American advancement and modernization. Mining and deforestation has become two of the most devastating hazards accompanied by the advancement. The natural resources of the native Indians are greatly mistreated by the Americans. The trees are cut down in order to be replaced by the houses, establishments, and ranches for the American community. Homeland of the natives, and their territories have been pushed away without being considered by the Americans until, major forests and natural resources are greatly damaged and reduced.In the end, the original fo restry respected by the ancestors of Indian cultures and traditions have been tarnished and destroyed by the advancing colonizers. During the same year and time, Cowboys have been popularized. The estimate of 35,000 males has entered the profession of being a cowboy. 25% of them are black, 12% are Mexican and majority of them are White Americans, 63%. The herding of domesticated animals have lead into territorial overtake since, ranch requires these land hectares in order to place their animals. In the end, the space between Indians and American has grown smaller, particularly in the side of the Indians.Because of this continuous threat, reckless advances and cruelty of American colonizers, the North America’s Indian forces started their civil war with the Americans. Around 1865, the Indian people have fought fiercely using their axes, bow and arrows and spears. However, they are still no match from the gunpowders and advance tools of the Americans. In the end, large reductio n from their population occurred. This event has caused the forces of Indians to be weak and fragile. Many of their women have become slave workers for the Americans. Some have been persecuted and disregarded.In the end, the Indians have become useless human beings. In 1860s, the Western Frontier has emerged and their definite aim is to transform the savagery of civilians battling over territories, towards a decent, moral and civilized individuals. The frontier reproduces American democracy and individualism – the frontier requires Americans to develop new institutions and â€Å"free land makes free men. † The frontier migration targets the expanse of territory as well as accumulation of riches; however, savagery and conflicts have become the exchange of such actions.Racial oppression not only for the Indians but also towards other cultural backgrounds occurs. The race of Hispanics, Blacks and Chinese has been greatly looked down by the Whites. The Hispanics during tho se times are traders as well Chinese, and these people are considered low class merchants; hence, the treatment pattern for these people as also low class. Degradation, racial and social discrimination are also the biggest issues during this period. The blacks, aside from Indians, are the ones who suffered the tremendous discriminative character of the whites. They are regarded as lowly individuals and most of them are treated as slaves.People during this time are greatly quarrelling mostly about their material properties and belongings, but little do they know that there are people being stepped aside and being ignored by their reckless actions. In the end, the effect boils down to those discriminated races and they are the ones that suffered because of the reckless and greedy actions of the Whites. One of the biggest historical events in this period is the Gold Rush, wherein the substance of interest is non-other than gold. The out-migration of non-natives following the Gold rush has given the Indians renewed numerical importance.The discovery of Gold in California and other nearby mines has lead easterners to migrate in the said are in order to have their part in this gold galore. This event has caused great multitude of immigrants coming from local and foreign lands. The situation has damaged mines; natural resources and influx of people have led into chaotic way of life. The situation of the people especially the original inhabitants of the area, which is the natives, has greatly worsened by the migratory frontiers. Going back to the statement of Martin Ridge,â€Å"The history of the American West is, almost by definition, a triumphal narrative for it traces a virtually unbroken chain of successes in national expansion† This is indeed a refutable statement. The Americans may have entered the land of Mythical Desert Garden; however, there are many people that have suffered because of their ruthless actions. It may be triumphal because they have over taken the natives, but the natural resources and the craving of their hands have been diminished. In the end, the statement remains doubtful for there are so many sacrifices that are heavier that the rewards they have taken.