Halloween Night

It is 8:30 on Halloween night as I am strolling down the long avenues of Clinton hearing only kids shouting, vehicles signaling, and leaves popping underneath my feet neglected, fall night. I turn the corner and see school children and guardians chuckling by the Tavern as they leave the structure. Advancing down the road with my companions close by, vehicles are zooming by us like a school of fish swimming to escape from sharks. Out of nowhere the gathering of children I am with get assaulted with shaving cream by underclassmen that think they are entertaining. A police eases back down as he passes us to perceive what all the upheaval was.Realizing it was nothing he proceeds on his daily course. Incensed and frightened we leave gradually in light of the fact that we were not dressed for the event of what children call â€Å"bombingâ€Å". Minutes passed and we chose to go stunt or-rewarding. Moving toward a house with a long cobble stone carport and splendid yellow lights we at las t arrive at our goal. Warm apple juice and new cinnamon doughnuts are dropped among the entirety of the individuals. We advance back to town passing little children in a wide range of ensembles. Additionally center and secondary school understudies tossing eggs and assaulting each other with shaving cream.Dodging all the activity we stroll on the contrary side of the road they are on so we don’t get hit. Showing up once more into town we see educators, guardians, and children we know. After a warm inviting of welcomes we chose to advance back to our homes thinking of it as was a weeknight and time was slipping away. Avenues were beginning to turn out to be clear as individuals chose the Halloween night was finished. Grown-ups killed their lights making it understood they were finished giving out candy for the evening. Clintons avenues stayed quiet as Halloween night reached a conclusion.

Gardner's Intelligences Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gardner's Intelligences - Assignment Example The most ideal approach to delineate Gardner’s Theory of Intelligence is as a wheel as opposed to in a straight way. His hypothesis of insight is separated into the accompanying classifications: spatial, phonetic, consistent scientific, real sensation, melodic, relational, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential. Spatial capacity includes having the option to picture pictures, for example, puzzles utilizing the brain. Phonetic insight is the knowledge of language. Everything managing words, perusing, composing, and so forth falls into place without any issues for individuals with high phonetic insight. Intelligent numerical knowledge manages scientific computational capacities. Substantial sensation insight can be contrasted as being comparable with athletic capacity. Individuals with great body-sensation insight as a rule have great coordination just as great reflexes. Melodic knowledge directions to melodic capacity, for example, singing, perceiving tones, playing an in strument, and so on. Relational insight discusses the capacity of individuals to relate with each other and intrapersonal knowledge identifies with the self-intelligent conduct that we have inside ourselves. Finally, existential knowledge can be identified with otherworldliness. Since there are such huge numbers of parts of knowledge, a portion of these are interconnected and it is conceivable to be keen in numerous regions. This hypothesis likewise clarifies how individuals who are considered to have lower IQ scores could be talented in different regions.

Stories of Senioritis

Stories of Senioritis So the four year roller coaster called Quest for a degree from MIT has come to a close. And of course, it wouldnt be blogworthy unless there was more of a story than that. So this semester I had just one ninety minute final, open book, open note final exam in cell biology. It wasnt even really a final exam because it only tested us on the new stuff and was equally weighted with the other exams. The final was last Thursday and the last day of classes was the Thursday before, so I had a week to study right? So what Ive learned is that you can only read a book so many times before you just cant read it anymore. And that is when my brain went to mush when I think Id attempted my fourth read of the sections that were going to be on the test. Cue Facebook. The best and worst invention given to man. Now imagine if I really had to study last week. Battle of the Walls: me: shouldnt you be studying like i am pretending to as well? friend: what is this studying thing of which you speak? me: about that studying thing, i was just kidding. i watched pirates 2 then fell asleep on my couch. i cant study anymore. ive read my notes umpteen times. friend: i swear you change your profile picture once-a-day. me: i mean, i have a folder of facebook photos, and when i get bored, its what i do. i cant look at p53 pathways anymore. and if you dont believe me, just check my album. ps. jkim, im glad youre back on facebook. Procrastination Technique #2: Eating. Sunday Night: Capital Grille Monday Night: Anthonys Pier 4 Procrastination Technique #3: Working Out Thanks to all the we expected you to be taller and more buff comments at Meet the Bloggersjust wait until you see me in the Infinite in the Fall. I can bench the bar. Procrastination Technique #4: Media Arts Season Finales of 24 and Heroes I want to see Jack Bauer take on Sylar. I dont know about you but I was quite disappointed by the endings of both. Twelve attempted viewings of Pirates of the Caribbean 2. Lets just say Im in no rush to see Pirates 3. And finally, if all else fails: Procrastination Technique #5: SLEEP I cant tell you how nice it is to sleep more than 10 hours a night now. My almost all-nighter for my thesis has been compensated for with my recent sleeping schedule. Tomorrow begins Senior Week. Event #1: Wine Tasting! Tomorrows Blog Entry: 80s Night Jokes on Us! Happy graduation to all of you who have already turned the tassle.

Pig-Footed Bandicoot - Facts and Figures

Name: Pig-Footed Bandicoot; also known as Chaeropus ecaudatus Habitat: Plains of Australia Historical Epoch: Pleistocene-Modern (2 million-100 years ago) Size and Weight: About six inches long and a few ounces Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Rabbit-like ears; narrow snout; long, spindly legs About the Pig-Footed Bandicoot As you can guess from its name, the Pig-Footed Bandicoot was one of the oddest prehistoric marsupials ever to grace Australias vast interior. This tiny plains-dweller had long, rabbit-like ears, a narrow, opossum-like snout, and exceptionally spindly legs with strangely toed feet, which gave it a comical appearance when hopping, walking or running. As far as is known--since the last living individual was glimpsed over 100 years ago--the Pig-Footed Bandicoot nested during the day in grass-lined burrows, and emerged at night to feed on grass seeds (though specimens in captivity enjoyed a more omnivorous diet). Its not clear exactly why the Pig-Footed Bandicoot went extinct. This tiny mammal managed to coexist, more or less, with the Australian aborigines for tens of thousands of years; most likely it was the much different farming practices of later European settlers that eroded its habitat and sources of food (it didnt help that the cats and dogs the settlers brought with them made quick snacks of the Pig-Footed Bandicoot, at least those individuals too slow to make a hasty escape). During the nineteenth century, a few European naturalists tried to study the rapidly dwindling Pig-Footed Bandicoot before it disappeared off the face of the earth. Amusingly, one adventurer went to great pains to obtain two live specimens from a tribe of Aborigines--and then was forced to eat them when he ran out of food! (See a slideshow of 10 Recently Extinct Marsupials)

Democracy As A Form Of Government - 1885 Words

Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains. (â€Å"The Social Contract Book 1†1) These chains symbolize the constant pulls and ties the people have in their every day life. The chains can symbolize: taxes, education, healthcare, democracy, social norms, and political authority. The chains can symbolize anything that makes man more obedient to the state rather than himself. Rousseau opens his book with the question if there is such thing as a legitimate political authority that will work for everyone in the society or if there really is no such thing. Democracy as a form of government has many different definitions for the philosophers but I found that the common theme of the definition of democracy is the people; the body politic. Aristotle states his theory as democracy as a deviant constitution; Rousseau’s democracy refers to a social contract between the people and their rulers, James Cairns and Alan Sears explain democracy as disrupting everyday reality and developing new practices of popular power, and lastly Ranciere, Ranciere describes democracy as, â€Å"the reality of the power of the people that can never coincide with the form of a State.† These four political theorists all agree, democracy would not exist without the people. Through Aristotle, Rousseau, James Cairns and Alan Sears, and Ranciere I will explain what democracy is and the values and virtues essential to democracy as a form of government and as a practice. Aristotle gives his definition ofShow MoreRelatedDemocracy Is A Form Of Government1555 Words   |  7 Pagespeople of the United States decided they wanted a democratic form of government. A democracy is â€Å"a form of government in which the people rule themselves either directly or through freely elected representatives† (American Government Politics, pg. 5). Furthermore, a democracy is broken down into two more forms: a direct democracy and a representative democracy (also can be considered a republic). A direct democracy is a form of government, originally founded in ancient Greece, in which the peopleRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government1296 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is democracy? Democracy a form of government in which the people freely elect representatives to govern them in a country, democracy guarantees free and fair elections, basic personal and political rights and independent court of law. There are two types of democracy, direct and indirect democracy. Direct democracy or pure democracy is where there is direct participate of the people; people make decisions for them instead of letting them representative make decision for them. Indirect democracyRead MoreDemocracy Is The Best Form Of Government1428 Words   |  6 PagesChurchill that democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried. In other words, democracy is the best form of government for now. But he also implied, that democracy itself is not flawless, it is only better than all the other political forms. In fact, there are a lot of problems that democracy is not able to fix. For example, the balance and the efficiency of government of the state is the most debatable one. Democracy means that a government is â€Å"made of theRead MoreDemocracy : A Popular Form Of Government1744 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy is a popular form of government. The term comes from â€Å"demokratia†, from demos, or â€Å"people† (Dah l 1). Democracy is a type of government that is supposedly ran by the people or as others would say population. The supreme power is in the hands of the people. We as a nation exercise this power by having the right to vote. Most of all, we vote the people in to represent us by each state. Then, the state representatives make decisions and vote for our best interest. In other words, majority ofRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesLegendary British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said â€Å"Democracy is the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried† (Churchill as cited in Chu, 2005, para. 2). It should come as no surprise that when emerging nations are writing their constitutions, they model them after the American Constitution. Political scientists cite a number of different reasons for the success of the US Constitution; the Bill of Rights, separation of powers, and a bicameral legislature withRead MoreDemocracy Is the Best Form of Government.2424 Words   |  10 PagesDemocracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination. The term originates from the Greek ÃŽ ´ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¼ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ºÃ ÃŽ ±Ãâ€žÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (dÄ“mokratà ­a) rule of the people,[1] whichRead MoreDemocracy Is the Worst Form of Government1765 Words   |  8 Pagescritically state how democracy is the worst type of government, but before we do this let us be familiar with the whole process of democracy. Looking at the history of democracy or example â€Å"In Ancient Anthens in the fifth and fourth centuries before Christ, this gave us the word democracy (rule by the common people) the people in this case did not include women and slaves, both were believed to be naturally inferior to male citizens† (Mayo 1960: 36) but since thence then democracy has developed andRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government2030 Words   |  9 PagesDemocracy originating from the Greek word ‘dÄ“mokratà ­a’ literally means ‘rule of the people’. ‘In an oligarchy the standard of definition is wealth†¦ in a democr acy the standard of distribution is citizenship.’ (Burns, T 2009). This suggests that people are at the centre of political power in a true democracy. Democracy is the form of government which allows people to have their say either directly through voting and referendums or indirectly by voting for elected representatives to stand for themRead MoreIs Democracy the Only Legitimate Form of Government?902 Words   |  4 Pages1. Evaluate the view that democracy is the only legitimate form of government A legitimate state can be defined as â€Å"A state in which its citizens have little or no significant resistance to the public policy and leadership of the state in question due to the rightful/legitimate exercise of power.† This Legitimacy of state is often a hard term to apply to any form of government in the modern political world due to the very differing cultures between the western and eastern world. However theRead MoreWhy Democracy is the Best Form of Government Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pageshave been in tact so civilizations remained structured and cohesive. As humanity advanced, governments obligingly followed. Although there have been hiccups from the ancient times to modern day, one type of government, democracy, has proven to be the most effective and adaptive. As quoted by Winston Churchill, democracy is the best form of government that has existed. This is true because the heart of democracy is reliant, dependent, and thrives on the populaces desires; which g ives them the ability

Interest to be in a nursing profession Free Essays

Nursing is a unique profession that is vital worldwide. I moved to Australia for a better life and career after having worked as a Registered Nurse in overseas for six years. I had completed studying Diploma of Nursing for three years which included theory and hospital trained nursing. We will write a custom essay sample on Interest to be in a nursing profession or any similar topic only for you Order Now To be registered, as a nurse in Australia Nurses and Midwives Board requires assessing the qualifications of international nurses to ensure that nurses are substantially equivalent to Board approved Australian Nursing qualification. Being supported by my husband and relatives, motivated me to commence my University study and to upgrade my qualification. I would like to make a positive difference in peoples’ lives. I have always desired a career that involved personal contact and that’s what nursing gives me. It is an opportunity for me to use caring in a holistic manner. As a university student, lots of self-study is required. One challenge will be assignment and a presentation, especially as English is my second language. One of the major challenges during my university study will be the financial problem, such as tuition fees, expenses and textbooks. A further challenge may be having several assignments and readings being due close to one another. One of the economic problems is time management as a university student. Time management involves doing the right thing at the right time. Managing time effortlessly can make the difference between a successful student and one who Is defeated by stress. So, time management and balance is significant within my life. To Improve on time management, creating a timetable, study plan will keep me on track In managing my studies. The overall workload of my course material is least likely to be under my control however, my time management and economic management are factors that I can directly Influence. How to cite Interest to be in a nursing profession, Papers

Jesus, The Son Of God Essays - Christology, Prophets Of Islam

Jesus, The Son Of God 1. Matthew 8:28-30 Jesus came to the other side of the sea, to the country of the Gadarene people. There were graves in that place. Two men came from among the graves to meet him. They had bad spirits in them. They were so bad and strong that people feared to pass that way. They shouted, `Jesus, Son of God, what do you want to do to us? Have you come here to punish us before it is our time?' Jesus went to the other side of the sea, which is the country of the Gadarene people. There were graves there, then 2 men with bad spirits in them came from among the graves to meet Jesus. They asked Jesus what he want's to do to them, and if he has come to punish them before it is their time. 2. Matthew 14:32-34 They crossed over the sea and came to the land at Gennesaret. The men in the boat bowed down in front of Jesus and said that he is really the Son of God. Jesus, Simon and Peter crossed the sea and came to the land at Genesaret. They bowed down in front of Jesus and said that he really was the Son of God. 3. Matthew 26:62-64 But Jesus said nothing at all. Then the high priest said to him, `I ask you in the name of the living God. Tell us. Are you the Christ, the Son of God?' Jesus answered him, `Yes, I am. Also I tell you that after this you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the One who has all power.You will see him coming on the clouds in the sky!' The high priest asked Jesus in the name of his Father to tell him if he was the Christ, the Son of God. Jesus said he was, and said that after this you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the One who has all the power, and you will see him in the clouds in the sky. 4. Luke 1:34-36 Then Mary said to the angel, `How can this happen? I have no husband.' The angel answered, `The Holy Spirit will come to you. The power of the Highest One will be over you. That is why the holy child who is to be born will be called the Son of God. The angel told Mary, The Holy Spirit will come to her. And that is why the holy child who will be born will be called the Son of God. 5. Luke 22:69-71 From this time on the Son of Man will sit beside God who has all power.' They all said, `Then are you the Son of God? He said, `Yes, I am.' They said, `We do not need any more proof against him. We ourselves have heard All the people asked Jesus if he was the Son of God, and he said he was the Son of God. 6. John 1:48-50 Nathanael asked, `How do you know me?' Jesus answered, `I saw you when you were under the fig tree. That was before Philip called you.' Nathanael said, `Teacher, you are the Son of God. You are the King of Israel.'Jesus answered, `I told you that I saw you under the fig tree. Is that why you believe in me now? You will see more wonderful things than that! Nathanael asked Jesus how he knew him, Jesus said he saw you when he was under the fig tree. Before Philip called him. Nathanael said to Jesus that he is the Son of God, and that he is the King of Israel. Jesus asked him that if he believes him because he saw him under the fig tree, and said that he will see more wonderful things than that. 7. John 5:24-26 `I tell you the truth. The person who hears what I say and believes in him that sent me will live for ever. He will not be judged. He has already passed from death to life. `I tell you the truth. The time is coming. Yes, the time is here when the dead people will hear the voice of the Son of God. Those who hear his voice will live. My Father has life in himself. And so he has made his Son to have life in himself. Jesus tell's the people the time is coming, when the dead people will hear the

A Biography of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.

A Biography of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. was in Miami when he had a meeting with film producer Abby Mann, who was contemplating a movie biography about King. Mann asked the 37-year-old minister how the movie should end. King replied, It ends with me getting killed. Throughout his civil rights career, King was painfully aware that a number of white Americans wanted to see him destroyed or even dead, but he accepted the mantle of leadership anyway, assuming its heavy burden at the young age of 26. The 12 years the activist spent fighting first for civil rights and later against poverty changed America in profound ways and turned King into the moral leader of the nation, in A. Philip Randolphs words. Martin Luther Kings Childhood King was born on Jan. 15, 1929, to an Atlanta pastor, Michael (Mike) King, and his wife, Alberta King. Mike Kings son was named after him, but when little Mike was five, the elder King changed his name and his sons name to Martin Luther, suggesting that both had a destiny as great as the founder of the Protestant Reformation. The Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. was a prominent pastor among African Americans in Atlanta, and his son grew up in a comfortable middle-class environment. King Jr. was an intelligent boy who impressed his teachers with his efforts to expand his vocabulary and sharpen his speaking skills. He was a dutiful member of his fathers church, but as he grew older, he did not show much interest in following in his fathers footsteps. On one occasion, he told a Sunday school teacher that he did not believe that Jesus Christ was ever resurrected. Kings experience in his youth with segregation was mixed. On the one hand, King Jr. witnessed his father stand up to white policemen who called him boy instead of reverend. King Sr. was a strong man who demanded the respect he was due. But, on the other hand, King himself had been subject to a racial epithet in a downtown Atlanta store. When he was 16, King, accompanied by a teacher, went to a small town in southern Georgia for an oratorical contest; on the way home, the bus driver forced King and his teacher to give up their seats to white passengers. King and his teacher had to stand for the three hours it took to return to Atlanta. King later noted that he had never been angrier in his life. Higher Education Kings intelligence and excellent schoolwork led him to skip two grades in high school, and in 1944, at the age of 15, King began his university studies at Morehouse College while living at home. His youth did not hold him back, however, and King joined the college social scene. Classmates remembered his stylish mode of dressa fancy sport coat and wide-brimmed hat. King became more interested in the church as he grew older. At Morehouse, he took a Bible class that prompted his conclusion that whatever doubts he had about the Bible, it contained many truths about human existence. King majored in sociology, and by the end of his college career, he was contemplating either a career in law or in ministry. At the start of his senior year, King settled on becoming a minister and started acting as assistant pastor to King Sr. He applied and was accepted into Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania. He spent three years at Crozer where he excelled academicallymore so than he had at Morehouseand began to hone his preaching skills. His professors thought he would do well in a doctoral program, and King decided to attend Boston University to pursue a doctorate in theology. In Boston, King met his future wife, Coretta Scott, and in 1953, they married. King told friends that he liked people too much to become an academic, and in 1954, King moved to Montgomery, Ala., to become pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. That first year, he finished his dissertation while also building up his ministry. King earned his doctorate in June of 1955. Montgomery Bus Boycott Shortly after King finished his dissertation on Dec. 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was on a Montgomery bus when told to give up her seat to a white passenger. She refused and was arrested. Her arrest marked the beginning of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The evening of her arrest, King received a phone call from union leader and activist E.D. Nixon, who asked King to join the boycott and host the boycott meetings at his church. King hesitated, seeking the counsel of his friend Ralph Abernathy before agreeing. That agreement catapulted King into the leadership of the civil rights movement. On Dec. 5, the Montgomery Improvement Association, the organization leading the boycott, elected King as its president. The meetings of Montgomerys African-American citizens saw the full realization of Kings oratorical skills. The boycott lasted longer than any had predicted, as white Montgomery refused to negotiate. Montgomerys black community withstood the pressure admirably, organizing car pools and walking to work if necessary. During the year of the boycott, King developed the ideas that formed the core of his non-violent philosophy, which was that the activists should, through quiet and passive resistance, reveal to the white community their own brutality and hatred. Though Mahatma Gandhi later became an influence, he initially developed his ideas out of Christianity. King explained that [t]his business of passive resistance and nonviolence is the gospel of Jesus. I went to Gandhi through him. World Traveler The bus boycott was successful in integrating Montgomerys buses by December of 1956. The year was a trying one for King; he was arrested and 12 sticks of dynamite with a burnt-out fuse were discovered on his front porch, but it also was the year that King accepted his role in the civil rights movement. After the boycott in 1957, King helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which became a key organization in the civil rights movement. King became a sought-out speaker across the South, and though he worried about peoples overweening expectations, King began the travels that would take up the rest of his life. In 1959, King traveled to India and met with Gandhis former lieutenants. India had won its independence from Great Britain in 1947 due in large part to Gandhis non-violent movement, which entailed peaceful civil resistancethat is resisting the unjust government but doing so without violence. King was impressed by the incredible success of the Indian independence movement through the employment of non-violence. When he returned, King announced his resignation from Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. He felt it was unfair to his congregation to spend so much time on civil rights activism and so little time on ministry. The natural solution was to become co-pastor with his father at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Nonviolence Put to the Test By the time King moved to Atlanta, the civil rights movement became full-fledged. College students in Greensboro, N.C., initiated the protests that formed this phase. On Feb. 1, 1960, four African-American college students, young men from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College, went to a Woolworths lunch counter that served whites only and asked to be served. When denied service, they sat silently until the store closed. They returned for the rest of the week, kicking off a lunch-counter boycott that spread across the South. In October, King joined students at a Richs department store in downtown Atlanta. It became the occasion for another of Kings arrests. But, this time, he was on probation for driving without a Georgia license (he had retained his Alabama license when he made his move to Atlanta). When he appeared before a Dekalb County judge on the charge of trespassing, the judge sentenced King to four months hard labor. It was presidential election season, and presidential candidate John F. Kennedy called Coretta Scott to offer his support while King was in jail. Meanwhile, Robert Kennedy, though angry that the publicity of the phone call might alienate white Democrat voters from his brother, worked behind the scenes to procure Kings early release. The result was that King Sr. announced his support for the Democratic candidate. In 1961, the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), which had been formed in the wake of the Greensboro lunch-counter protests began a new initiative in Albany, Ga. Students and Albany residents began a series of demonstrations designed to integrate the citys services. Albanys police chief, Laurie Pritchett, employed a strategy of peaceful policing. He kept his police force tightly controlled, and the Albany protesters were having trouble making any headway. They called King. King arrived in December and found his non-violent philosophy tested. Pritchett told the press that he had studied Kings ideas and that non-violent protests would be countered by non-violent police work. What became apparent in Albany was the non-violent demonstrations were most effective when performed in an environment of overt hostility. As Albanys police kept peacefully jailing protesters, the civil rights movement was being denied their most effective weapon in the new age of television images of peaceful protesters being brutally beaten. King left Albany in August 1962 as Albanys civil rights community decided to shift its efforts to voter registration. Though Albany is generally considered a failure for King, it was merely road bump on the way to greater success for the non-violent civil rights movement. The Letter from Birmingham Jail In the spring of 1963, King and the SCLC took what they learned and applied it in Birmingham, Ala. The police chief there was Eugene Bull Connor, a violent reactionary lacking the political skills of Pritchett. When Birminghams African-American community started mounting protests against segregation, Connors police force responded by spraying the activists with high-pressure water hoses and unleashing police dogs. It was during the Birmingham demonstrations that King was arrested for the 13th time since Montgomery. On April 12, King went to jail for demonstrating without a permit. While in jail, he read in the Birmingham News about an open letter from white clergy, urging civil rights protesters to stand down and be patient. Kings response became known as Letter from a Birmingham Jail, a powerful essay that defended the morality of civil rights activism. King emerged from the Birmingham jail determined to win the fight there. SCLC and King made the difficult decision to allow high-school students to join the protests. Connor did not disappointthe resulting images of peaceful youths being brutally put down shocked white America. King had won a decisive victory. The March on Washington On the heels of success in Birmingham came Kings speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on Aug. 28, 1963. The march was planned to urge support for a civil rights bill, though President Kennedy had his misgivings about the march. Kennedy delicately suggested that thousands of African Americans converging on DC might hurt the chances of a bill making it through Congress, but the civil rights movement remained dedicated to the march, although they agreed to avoid any rhetoric that could be interpreted as militant. The highlight of the march was Kings speech that used the famous refrain I have a dream. King exhorted Americans, Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. Civil Rights Laws When Kennedy was assassinated, his successor, President Lyndon B. Johnson, used the moment to push the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress, which outlawed segregation. At the end of 1964, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his success in so prominently articulating and demanding human rights. With that congressional victory in hand, King and the SCLC turned their attention next to the issue of voting rights. White Southerners since the end of Reconstruction had come up with various ways to deprive African Americans of suffrage, such as outright intimidation, poll taxes and literacy tests. In March of 1965, SNCC and SCLC tried to march from Selma to Montgomery, Ala., but were violently rebuffed by police. King joined them, leading a symbolic march that turned around before heading over the Pettus Bridge, the scene of the police brutality. Though King was criticized for that move, it presented a cooling-down period, and activists were able to complete the march to Montgomery on March 25. In the midst of the troubles at Selma, President Johnson gave a speech urging support for his voting rights bill. He ended the speech by echoing the civil rights anthem, We Shall Overcome. The speech brought tears to Kings eyes as he watched it on televisionit was the first time his closest friends had seen him cry. President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law on Aug. 6. King and Black Power As the federal government endorsed the causes of the civil rights movementintegration and voting rightsKing increasingly came face-to-face with the  growing black power movement. Non-violence had been enormously effective in the South, which was segregated by law. In the North, however, African Americans faced de facto segregation, or segregation kept in place by custom, poverty due to years of discrimination, and housing patterns that were difficult to change overnight. So, despite the enormous changes coming to the South, African Americans in the North were frustrated by the slow pace of change. The black power movement addressed these frustrations. Stokely Carmichael of SNCC articulated these frustrations during a 1966 speech, Now we maintain that in the past six years or so, this country has been feeding us a thalidomide drug of integration, and that some negroes have been walking down a dream street talking about sitting next to white people; and that that does not begin to solve the problem . . . that people ought to understand that; that we were never fighting for the right to integrate, we were fighting against white supremacy. The black power movement dismayed King. As he began speaking out against the Vietnam War, he found himself having to address the issues raised by Carmichael and others, who were arguing that non-violence was not enough. He told one audience in Mississippi, Im sick and tired of violence. Im tired of the war in Vietnam. Im tired of war and conflict in the world. Im tired of shooting. Im tired of selfishness. Im tired of evil. Im not going to use violence, no matter who says it. The Poor Peoples Campaign By 1967, in addition to becoming outspoken about the Vietnam War, King also began an anti-poverty campaign. He broadened his activism to include all poor Americans, seeing the achievement of economic justice as a way to overcome the sort of segregation that existed in cities like Chicago but also as a basic human right. It was the Poor Peoples Campaign, a movement to unite all impoverished Americans regardless of race or religion. King envisioned the movement as culminating in a march on Washington in the spring of 1968. But events in Memphis interfered. In February of 1968, Memphis sanitation workers went on strike, protesting the mayors refusal to recognize their union. An old friend, James Lawson, pastor of a Memphis church, called King and asked him to come. King could not refuse Lawson or their workers who needed his help and went to Memphis at the end of March, leading a demonstration that turned into a riot. King returned to Memphis on April 3, determined to help the sanitation workers in spite of his dismay at the violence that had erupted. He spoke at a mass meeting that night, encouraging his listeners that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land! He was staying at the Lorraine Motel, and on the afternoon of April 4, as King and other SCLC members were readying themselves for dinner, King stepped onto the balcony, waiting on Ralph Abernathy to put on some aftershave. As he stood waiting, King was shot. The hospital pronounced his death at 7:05 p.m. Legacy King was not perfect. He would have been the first to admit this. His wife, Coretta, desperately wanted to join the civil rights marches, but he insisted that she stay at home with their children, unable to break out of the rigid gender patterns of the era. He committed adultery, a fact that the FBI threatened to use against him and that King feared would make its way into the papers. But King was able to overcome his all-too-human weaknesses and lead  African Americans, and all Americans, to a better future. The civil rights movement never recovered from the blow of his death. Abernathy tried to continue the Poor Peoples Campaign without King, but he could not marshal the same support. King, however, has continued to inspire the world. By 1986,  a federal holiday  commemorating his birthday had been established. Schoolchildren study his I Have a Dream speech. No other American before or since has so clearly articulated and so determinedly fought for social justice. Sources Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1964. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. Frady, Marshall. Martin Luther King. New York: Viking Penguin, 2002. Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Kotz, Nick. Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws that Changed America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.

37 Top Scholarships for High School Sophomores and Freshmen

37 Top Scholarships for High School Sophomores and Freshmen SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's never too early to start saving up money for your college education. Even if you are only in your first or second year of high school, there are plenty of opportunities to start bringing in money that will pay for your tuition, books, fees, and living expenses a couple of years down the line. You might be surprised to learn that there are actuallyhundreds of scholarships available to underclassmen.If you're just starting your hunt, use this list of the 37 best scholarships for high school freshmen and sophomores to get started. This list includes a variety of scholarshipsforfreshmen and sophomores. I've broken them down into the following categories: Essay Scholarships Special Interest Scholarships Creative Scholarships Hobby- and Activity-Based Scholarships Location-based Scholarships Easy Scholarships These scholarships arenot limited to one college or university,so students who win these awards will be able to use them for a variety of schools. How to Use This List of Scholarships for Sophomores and Freshmen Before we go over the scholarships you can apply for, let's quickly review the best ways you can use this list of scholarships for sophomores and freshmen. Rule 1: Play to Your Strengths Start out by looking at the different categories below. Are you creative? Then consider applyingto some of the scholarships that require artwork or a movie for their applications. If you're a strong writer, on the other hand, consider applying to scholarships that require essays. Rule 2: Apply to Many Scholarships The beauty of starting your scholarship hunt early is that you have a lot oftime! So use it wisely to apply to as many scholarships as possible. We recommend applying to anywhere between five and 30 scholarships.Most scholarships on this list and beyond are competitive, meaning many students will be applying for them. You'll increase your chances of winning money if you don't put all of your eggs in one basket! Rule 3: Pay Attention to Details Make sure you read all the rules carefully before you apply for a scholarship, and be certain that your essays and other application materials address what is being asked. It's a waste of time to apply to scholarships if you're going to end up disqualified simply because you failed to follow the instructions. Similarly, make sure tostay on top of important deadlines. You don't want to miss out on a great scholarship because you accidentally missed adue date! Rule 4: Do Your Own Research Keep in mind that this list is just a starting point. There are many more scholarships available to younger students, and there very well might be some that are more suited to your talents and interests. Don't be afraid to dosome Google searches to see whether there are any scholarships out there that correspond to one of your unique traits. Remember, the more obscure a scholarship is,the better your chance of winning it will be! Essay Scholarships To start, let's take a look at scholarships that require students to write and submit essays as part of their applications. Oklahoma City National Memorial Museum Student Essay Contest The Oklahoma City National Museum hosts an essay contest for students in grades 5-12. Topics revolve around ideas related to the Oklahoma bombings in 1995. Students ingrades 9 and 10 can submit 500-word essays. Prizes: 1st place: $200 2nd place: $150 3rd place: $100 Ayn Rand Essay Contest High school freshmen and sophomores can write an essay on one of several topics related to the bookAnthem by Ayn Rand. The deadline to apply is April 25, 2019. Prizes: 1st place: $2,000 (one winner) 2nd place: $250 (three winners) 3rd place: $100 (five winners) Finalists: $25 (50 winners) NRA Civil Rights Defense Fund Essay Contest To enter this contest, high school students must write a 1,000-word essay answering the question, "What does the second amendment meant to you?" The deadline is December 31, 2018. Prizes: 1st place: $1,000 2nd place: $600 3rd place: $200 4th place: $100 Fleet Reserve Association Essay Contest Students in grades 7-12 can enter this essay contest by submitting an essay of no more than 350 words on "What Freedom of Speech Means to Me."The deadline is December 1, 2018. Prizes: Grand national prize: $5,000 1stplace: $2,500 2ndplace: $1,500 3rdplace: $1,000 Unigo $10K Scholarship Students 13 or older can apply for a chance to win one grand prize of $10,000. Your application must include a 250-word response to the prompt: "Imagine a historical figure is brought back to life. Who is it? What's their favorite mobile app?"The deadline is December 31, 2018. Gen and Kelly Tanabe Scholarship High school studentscan submit a 250-word essay on a topic of their choice for the chance to be entered into a competition to win a $1,000 prize. There are two contests per year. The fall contest deadline is December 31, 2018, and the spring contest deadline is July31, 2019. Young Patriots Essay Contest All US high school students can apply to win. They must submit an essay of no more than 1,500 words on a topic related to current events and/or public policy. Prizes: 1stplace: $5,000 2ndplace: $2,500 3rdplace: $1,500 Profile in Courage Essay Contest Students in grades 9-12 can submit a 700- to 1,000-word essay about "an act of political courage by a US elected official who served during or after 1917, the year John F. Kennedy was born." Essays must have at least five sources.The deadline for this year's contest is January 18, 2019. Prizes: 1stplace: $10,000 2ndplace: $3,000 Finalists: $1,000 (five winners) Semifinalists: $100 (eight winners) We the Students Essay Contest US students enrolled in grades 8-12 can apply to this scholarship to win one of 15awards ranging from $500 to $5,000.You must complete the online application and submit an essay of no more than 800 words on the topic cited on the website. The deadline is February 14, 2019. Prizes: 1stplace: $5,000 Runners-up: $1,250 (six winners) Honorable Mention: $500 (eight winners) Optimist International Essay Contest US students under the age of 19 can submit an essay on the topic "When All the World’s Problems are Solved, is Optimism Still Necessary?" Club winners advance to the District contest to compete for a $2,500 scholarship. The deadline for submission is February 28, 2019. Visionary Scholarship Program Any currently enrolled US high school student can apply to receive a prize from $1,000 to $5,000. Applicants must submit a completed application, a copy of their most recent (unofficial) high school transcript, and a 500-word essay on "Why College is Important to Me." The deadline for this year's contest is May 1, 2019. Special Interest Scholarships These next scholarships require a special action on the part of the applicant, from volunteering to playing an online game. Humanity Rising Service Challenge High school students who volunteer for a non-profit that meets Humanity Rising’s criteria may apply for this scholarship by sharing their service story. You must make an account in order to access the scholarship details and apply for the challenge.Awards range from $500 to more than $2,000, and all deadlines are rolling. HR Block Budget Challenge US students in grades 9-12can apply to win one of 10 $20,000 scholarships. Students must play an online game that simulates adult life in terms of financial literacy. While students can't register themselves, teachers may register classes as well as individual students. Creative Scholarships Are you the creative type? This next set of scholarships for freshmen and sophomores is all about artistic ability and creativity. For these contests, you'll need to submit a piece of art, whether that's a story, painting, video, photograph, etc. Create Real Impact Contest Any student between the ages of 14 and 22 can submit either a piece of writing (100-600 words), a video, a work of art,or a piece of music they've composed on the topic of how to address reckless driving. Voting on entries begins October 2, 2018. Prizes: Grand prize: $1,500 (four winners, one per category) Top Schools prize: $1,000 (three winners) Top Online Vote Getter prize: $500 (four winners, one per category) Spanish Category Award: $1,500 (one winner) Sports Team Award: $1,500 (one winner) TeenDrive365 Video Challenge All US high school students at least 13 years of age canenter this contest by creating a unique 30- to 60-second video that highlights safer teen driving. The video must end withthe TeenDrive365 Video Challenge Call to Action slide, which you can download from the TeenDrive365 website. The submission deadline is in February 2019. Prizes: 1stplace: $15,000 2ndplace: $10,000 3rdplace: $7,500 People's Choice: $5,000 4th-10th place: $2,500 Regional prizes: $1,000 (four winners) Doodle 4 Google Students from kindergarten to 12thgrade can apply for this scholarship. Applicants must submit a Google Doodle related to this year's theme. All submissions are divided and judged by age group. The deadline is in March 2019. Prizes: National Winner: $30,000 (plus a $50,000 technology award for the winner's school) National Finalists: $5,000 (four winners, one per age group) Scholastic Art Writing Award Students ingrades 7-12with a keen interest in writing or art may apply to win a Best-in-Grade Award. Students in 12th grade only can also apply to win a Portfolio Award. Deadlines vary by region. Prizes: Portfolio Award–Gold Medal: $10,000 (16 winners) Portfolio Award–Silver Medal: $1,000 (30 winners) Best-in-Grade Award: $500 (24 winners, four per grade level) AutoPetsâ„ ¢ Out-of-the-Box Thinking Scholarship All current high school students can apply for this scholarship. Applications must include a 400-word essay about an innovative pet product idea. The deadline is in July 2019. Prizes: Grand prize: $1,250 First runner-up: $500 Second runner-up: $250 Create-A-Greeting-Card Scholarship Contest US students who are at least 14 years old may applyfor this scholarship of $10,000. You must design a greeting card using a photo, piece of artwork, or computer graphic for the front image. Submissionsmust be submitted as JPEGs (.jpg). The deadline is March 1, 2019. Young American Creative Patriotic Art Contest US high school students interested in art can apply to win one of eight national awards. Applicants must submit an original piece of art with a patriotic theme.The first-place winner receives $15,000 and a plaque as well as airfare to and two nights' lodging at the VFW Auxiliary National Convention. The winner's art will also be featured on the cover of the VFW Auxiliary magazine and the Auxiliary website. The deadline to apply is March 31, 2019. Prizes: 1st place: $15,000 2nd place: $7,500 3rd place: $3,500 4th place: $1,500 5th-8th place: $500 Hobby- and Activity-Based Scholarships If you've got a long-term hobby or activity you like to do, these next scholarships are right up your alley. WIA Student Pilot Scholarship Any high school student who is an active member of Women in Aviation International (WAI) may apply for this $3,000 scholarship. You must submit a completed WAI form, two recommendation letters, a 500-word essay, a resume, copies of all aviation licenses and medical records, and the last three pages of your pilot logbook, if applicable. The deadline for submission is November 12, 2018. Marine Band Concerto Competition for High School Musicians US high school students who play a woodwind, brass, or percussion instrument canapply for this scholarshipby submitting a completed application form, a recommendation letter, and an audio recording of their performing a piece of music chosen from a list of works. All submissions are due by November 15, 2018. Prizes: 1st place: $2,500 Runner-up: $500 SBO Magazine Music Student Scholarship Students ingrades 4-12can apply for this essay contest to winone of 10 $1,000 prizes.Essays must be250 words or less and answer the contest's theme: "What role has your music program played in bringing you closer to your school mates, friends and the community at large?" The deadline is December 31, 2018. Technology Addiction Awareness Scholarship US high school students can apply to this for a chance to win a $1,000 prize. Applications must be submitted along with a 140-character message that completesthe following statement: "Instead of spending time with technology, I'd rather ... " The top 10 applicants will be contacted and invited to write a 500- to 1,000-word essay on technology addiction. The winner will be selected from this 10. Applications for this year's contest are due January 30, 2019. Jack Kent Cooke Young Artist Award Any full-time student aged 8-18 can apply to win one of 20 $10,000 scholarships. Applicantsmust show outstanding classical music achievement and demonstrate financial need. You must submit at least two audio samples of your music along with tax forms, transcripts, and other supporting documents. There are three application cycles each year, and this year's deadlines are October 1, 2018; January 7, 2019; and March 4, 2019. Davidson Fellows Award US students aged 18 or younger who have completed a "significant piece of work" in one of the categories listed here can apply to win a large scholarship. The deadline is February 13, 2019. Prizes: 1st place: $50,000 2nd place: $25,000 3rd place: $10,000 BMI Student Composer Awards Program Both US and international students (in the Western Hemisphere) younger than 28 can apply to win a scholarshipof up to $5,000. Each applicant must submit an audio recording of an original music composition along with legible manuscripts. Eagle Scout of the Year Award US students aged 15 or older who are active members of a Boy Scout Troop, Varsity Scout Team, or Venturing Crew can be nominated to win a $10,000 scholarship. Applicants must be active in their religious institutions and have received the corresponding Boy Scout religious emblemand Eagle Scout Award; they must have also shown practical citizenship in their churches, schools, Scouting groups, and communities. Nomination and application forms must be received by the applicant's corresponding department (state) headquarters by March 1, 2019. Prizes: 1st place: $10,000 Runners-up: $2,500 (three winners) National High School Oratorical Contest US high school students under the age of 20 can apply to receive a maximum scholarshipof $18,000. Students must first compete in their local oratorical contests and deliver a prepared speech on a particular topic. Winners will then advance to the national competition. Prizes: 1st place: $18,000 2nd place: $16,000 3rd place: $14,000 State winners who participate in the national contest's first round will receive $1,500, and those who advance past the first round will receive an additional $1,500. Location-Based Scholarships Some scholarships are only for students who live in particular areas. Check out the following list of scholarships to see whether there are any contests in your region. Meriwest Annual High School Essay Competition Applicantsmust beingrades 9-12, havea GPA of at least 2.0,and live in one of these California counties: Santa Clara, San Mateo, Alameda, Contra Costa, orSan Francisco. Students who live in Arizona'sPima County are also eligible. If you live outside these counties, you can still enter the contest if you're a member of the Meriwest Credit Union. The scholarship competition awards 12 prizes annually, or three per grade level. The deadline to apply is in January 2019. Prizes: 10th grade 1st place: $300 2nd place: $250 3rd place: $150 9th grade 1st place: $250 2nd place: $150 3rd place: $100 Take Stock in Children Scholarship Any students in grades 6-9 who attend a public school in Hillsborough County, Florida, have a 2.5 GPA or higher, and qualify for free or reduced lunches may apply. The application period will open in November 2018. Diverse Minds Writing Challenge Applicants must be US students in grades 9-12and attend a school in the metro area of New York City (all five boroughs); Washington, DC; Atlantic City, New Jersey; or the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware and Maryland).To enter, applicantsmust create a children’s book that addresses themes of tolerance and diversity, and promotes a greater understanding of different cultures, lifestyles, and beliefs. The bookcan be either fiction or non-fiction and should target children between kindergarten and 5thgrade.It must also include full-color illustrations. The deadline varies by region. Prizes: Grand prize: $5,000 (one winner per contest city/region) Oklahoma's Promise - Oklahoma Higher Learning Access Program Oklahoma students currently enrolled in grades 8-10 and whose families make $55,000 or less annually can apply for thechance to receive full tuition for an Oklahoma public two-year college or four-year university, or partial tuition for an accredited Oklahoma private college. The application must include the first two pages of the applicant's most recent federal tax return. The deadline to apply is July 1, 2019. Easy Scholarships This final section of scholarships for sophomores and freshmen includes those that are extremely easy to apply for- all you have to do is register for a website or submit an online application and you're good to go! $2,000 "No Essay" College Scholarship Any student can apply by simply registering on the website. Awinner is chosen each month to receive $2,000. The deadline to apply is the last day of each month. $1,000 Cappex Easy College Money Scholarship Any high school student who registers and completesa profile at Cappex.com willbe entered into a monthly drawingto receive $1,000. The deadline to apply is the end of each month. Top Ten List Scholarship Any US student 13 or older can apply for thechance to win a $1,500 scholarship. Applicants must respond to the following statementin no more than 250 words: "Create a Top Ten List of the top ten reasons you should get this scholarship."The deadline is December 31, 2018. Wells Fargo CollegeSTEPS Program Sweepstakes Students aged 14 or older canapply for this scholarship by simply registering for the CollegeSTEPS program. Awards are $5,000 each. What's Next? Too old for these scholarships?Check out these scholarships that you can apply to in your senior year of high school! Need more money than what these scholarships offer?Then check out our list of amazing full-ride scholarships and 80+ colleges that offer full-ride scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

CVD presentation discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CVD presentation discussion - Essay Example (Khare, et. al. 2009). Consequently, this has resulted to burdening the health care providers across the country, and therefore, it is important to identify processes that will reduce the prevalence of disease in women. The study employs the Evidence based practice to offer applicable problem solving techniques that will enhance quality caring, as well as best decision making with regard to the cardiovascular disease patients in health care facilities along with their families. Moreover, this method is expected to achieve the best outcome for the patients. This particular study has utilized 5 steps that are essential for all EBP studies. Foremost, the study asks the clinical question in a PICO (Patient population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome) format. Specifically, the clinical question is â€Å" in women over 20 years of age identified as at risk according to the AHA’s classification of CVD risk in women (P), how will diet modifications and physical activity (I) compare to the physical activity alone (C) in changing classification to Optimal Risk (O) over the course of one year. The second step of the EBP process entails looking for the best practice in order to answer the PICO question. The evidence presented by the study reveals that despite the fact that physical activity is significant in changing the optimal risk, when it is combined with diet modifications it produces better results. Staying physically active, in addition to eating fewer calories will greatly lower the risk of heart diseases along with initiating weight loss. Further, the evidence purports that in order for one to reduce the risk of heart disease, then, she should be involved in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes in the most days of the week. Consequently, the third step is a critical appraisal of the evidence found in the literature

Facilitating Group Interaction6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facilitating Group Interaction6 - Essay Example My main weakness would be my desire for perfection. In a group, it is difficult for each team member to produce equal results and even more difficult to make sure that each team member completes tasks on time. Since, I strive to achieve excellent results in a timely fashion the pressure can be overwhelming and unintentionally hinder relationships with other team members. The main conflict resolution skill utilized by this group is integration, which is a result of shared responsibility and having each group member openly express their concerns over existing problems. Each individual team member does not try to dominate another but listens to suggested changes carefully and finds methods in which these ideas can used to benefit the group, "Collaborative listening takes those attending and discerning skills one-step further. It recognizes that in listening each person has a job that supports the work of the other" (Lynch, 2004). One idea is not perceived as superior over another but is examined for is qualities to benefit the group and produce better quality results. In order to prevent conflict before it occurs the team ensures that each member is clear on their responsibilities so there is no confusion over duties. Each team member acknowledged that each task carries equal responsibility and worth thus each member shares credit for each successful task. By ensuring that each group member is aware of their value and assigning them tasks which they are able to complete and produce results that they are proud of, the whole group benefits. The group does try to change each member but respects each member's unique, individual skills that strengthen the whole team. This group is composed of many different personalities that bring their own strengths and weakness to the table. The best method of conflict management is being open to others ideas rather than dominating. The group worked best when each member was free the express their own ideas and see that these ideas were somehow integrated into the project rather than dismissed. Decision making within a group is a very challenging but rewarding task. When tackling a large problem a consensus was reached before putting a plan into action. Whenever a problem arose, the team leader notified group members. The leader of the group set up a group meeting time and encouraged team members to think of ideas before the meeting so it would produce more effective results rather than being time consuming, "Proper brainstorming should involve first an individual, then a group, followed by an individual brainstorming session" (Meade, 2007). Each team member was expected to contribute in these meetings, no exceptions. Group meetings, which involved creative brainstorming sessions, were held as a method of solving problems. Each team member shared his or her ideas on how a particular problem could be solved. The group believes that a creative approach to problem solving is effective because it generate many ideas and inspires each group member to think of better solutions to existing problems. Each idea was taken into consideration and assessed for its feasibility. Group members were free to voice their feelings towards a particular solution and were not judged if they did not agree with another

Genre is useful for audiences

Genre is useful for audiences Compare examples of genre texts from different decades of any media genre of your choice. Genre is useful for audiences as it enables them to differentiate between the styles and types of narrative, allowing them to decide on what they enjoy. Producers benefit from genre as they can see what is most successful at the current time, and, therefore, make more of the same to capitalise on profit. Due to the ongoing existence and progression of genre, certain changes occur in film, but yet they remain reflective of the genre they are in. This observation is supported by Steven Neales description, that genre operates as a â€Å"repetition of difference†. Subtle differences may appear on screen, but the underlying repertoire of elements are exclusively the same. I will be considering the science fiction genre, within which, the films Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The Invasion, and The Faculty will be discussed. These films are recognisable as being part of the science fiction genre due to the inclusion of aliens in all three texts. This is a common trend within the genr e and is apparent in countless other films. The repetition of such ideas is noticeably popular with audiences, who have consumed similar texts for decades. Audiences like this repetition as it fits into their schema, complying with the ideologies and values of previous texts which they have enjoyed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, genres do not endlessly repeat themselves. Instead, they evolve, adopting new conventions and narratives to excite the audience. This variation is well-liked by audiences who would become bored of watching the same thing over and over again. The repetition of difference allows the audience to enjoy the particular genre whilst being entertained by the application of new elements. The diverse nature and imagination of science fiction allows difference to be introduced with greater success than any other genre.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haywards theory, that genres are not static but â€Å"shifting and slippery†, can be confidently implicated into the discussion, as they do not remain the same but adjust due to the audience and society at the time. This notion can be further enforced by theorist Toamshevsky, who suggested that â€Å"no firm logical classification of genre is possible. Their demarcation is always historical, that is to say, it is only correct for a moment of history†. This theory proposes that films produced as part of the science fiction genre, reflect attitudes, worries and conflicts within society at a given time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The texts held in question all exhibit differences due to the influences of historical contexts that were apparent at the time. Invasion of the Body Snatchers is manifestly a metaphor of society during the Cold War, with the pod people representing Russian communists. The 2007 remake, The Invasion, adopts different aspects as a result of society at this time. The anxieties present in this era are disease, infection and the idea that science is foolishly breaking boundaries, represented in The Invasion by a virus that turns people into an inhuman being. The faculty is more complex as it does not involve concerns of the present society. Instead, The Faculty presents a postmodern view of humanity through its self-referentiality; drawing attention to its own construction which offers little comment on social issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neale supports Toamshevskys point and suggests that genre creates meaning in a fluid way. Genre can only make sense in relation to a variety of contextual factors. The contextual factors of institution, censorship, technology and gender representation have all affected these texts and created differences between them. Invasion of the body Snatchers was produced by Walter Wanger, who had an interest in topically political material, being responsible for the making of the anti-fascist film Blockade in 1938. The films screenwriter Mainwaring was even blacklisted himself as a communist sympathiser. Furthermore, the script was rewritten by Richard Collins, a former Communist Party functionary and co-author of the once notorious Song of Russia. These institutional aspects of the film clearly show its intentions and ideologies as being pro-communism, making a satirical attack on McCarthyism. The Invasion was produced by Warner brothers and therefore has values in keeping with traditional America. The narrative of this film concludes with the uninfected triumphing over the alien life form and restoring the world to its previous state. This clearly shows the difference in values as the ending is so definite, whereas in Body Snatchers the ending is not completely resolved, with the imagination of the audience determining the real outcome. The Faculty appears to struggle in commenting on the real world we live in until the very end of the film. We can see this ending as an ironic parody through Frederick Jamesons definition of the term, as The Faculty ‘mocks rather than plunders from tradition therefore interrogating other texts that it mimics. We ask questions about the way the narrative ends as it makes no sense, with everybody becoming better people due to the experience and contradicting there former characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Censorship has shaped the three texts dramatically, having restricted the content of some and enabling others to show more varied footage. Invasion of the Body Snatchers was produced in 1956, a time where society was shielded from ‘unacceptable material by the MPDDA, therefore limiting the footage that could be shown, and which could be perceived as entertaining by the audience, for example violence, nudity and swearing. The Invasion and The Faculty, however, have not been affected by such rigorous censoring, being produced in a more lenient society. This has allowed both films to include more disturbing scenes such as the alien in The Faculty and the process by which humans are converted into aliens in The Invasion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology also plays a significant part in recognising the differences between the texts. Invasion of the Body Snatchers lacks impressive, large scale scenes partly due to the deficiency of technology but also due to the economic context, as films were made on a much lower budget than they are today. Body Snatchers cost a modern day equivalent of 4 million dollars whereas The Invasion cost a massive 80 million dollars. These economic differences have allowed films produced in the 21st century to be much more impressive in appearance than those created decades ago. The Faculty consisted of many scenes that relied heavily on special effects. However, the methods used could clearly be seen as fake and even comical. This may have been solely due to its postmodern influences but may also have been due to the standard of technology at the time. The Invasion includes much more realistic examples of technology in use, such as the shuttle falling to Earth and the suffocat ing green mucus that covers the peoples faces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Representations of gender are very different in the three texts. Body Snatchers clearly portrays a patriarchal society where men are the bread winners and women are the housewives. Miles Bennell is the Proppian hero who is slowed down and hindered by his partner Becky Driscoll who has no relevance to the plot, ultimately becoming an alien and betraying Miles. The Invasion, however, swaps these roles, making the women the hero and the man the burden. This can be accounted for through the second wave of feminism in the late 1960s, characterised by the growing revolt by women against their oppression as a sex. The idea of the crisis of masculinity is also encompassed within the film as men, such as Daniel Craig and Kidmans ex-husband Jeremy Northam, appear week, being dominated by Kidmans character and eventually overcome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neales theory that genre exists through the repetition of difference is highly justifiable when looking at Invasion of the Body Snatchers, The Invasion and The Faculty. All three films are extremely familiar with the two most recent films taking their ideas directly from the 1956 classic. The Faculty is a repetition of Body Snatchers due to its close compliance with the texts narrative and conventions of alien organisms, as well as the fact that it makes direct references to Body Snatchers consistently throughout the film. The Invasion is a remake of Body Snatchers, therefore existing exclusively due to the earlier film. It does however have differences to the original to make it more exciting and more in keeping with contemporary society, which has greater appeal to audiences. For these reasons Neales theoretical framework is valid, as are the additional views of Hayward and Toamshevsky.

Business law Essay

Signal Sets Company contracts to deliver one hundred 52-inch plasma high-definition television sets to a new retail customer, Tuner TV Store, on May 1, with payment to be made on delivery. Signal tenders delivery in its own truck. Tuner’s manager notices that some of the cartons have scrape marks. Tuner’s owner phones Signal’s office and asks whether the sets might have been damaged as they were being loaded. Signal assures Tuner that the sets are in perfect condition. Tuner tenders Signal a check, which Signal refuses, claiming that the first delivery to new customers is always for cash. Tuner promises to pay the cash within two days. Signal leaves the sets with Tuner, which stores them in its warehouse pending its â€Å"Grand Opening Sale† on May 15. Two days later, Tuner’s stocker opens some of the cartons and discovers that a number of the sets are damaged beyond ordinary repair. Signal claims Tuner has accepted the sets and is in breach by not paying on delivery. Will Signal succeed on these claims? Explain. Signal won’t necessarily succeed on his claims. â€Å"Acceptance of the goods prevents the buyer or lessee from exercising the right of rejection, but it does not necessarily prevent the buyer or lessee from pursuing other remedies† (Business Law Today; page 337). In some circumstances, a buyer or lessee are allowed to revoke their acceptance of the goods. The revocation of acceptance is not effective until the seller has been notified. The seller must also be notified within a reasonable time after the buyer discovers or should have discovered the grounds for revocation. Tuner noticed cartons with scrape marks and right away questioned Signal, but Signal assured they would not be damaged. A couple days later Tuner’s stocker opens some cartons and then discovers the damages, notifying Signal. Two days later is within a reasonable time. Therefore Tuner has not breached for accepting the goods. He could now keep the goods and recover damages caused by Signalâ€℠¢s breach. Signal also stated that Tuner had breached contract for not paying on delivery. Payments can be made by any means agreed on by both parties. Under this contract there is no specific type of payment set. â€Å" If the seller demands cash when the buyer offers a check, credit card, or the like, the  seller must permit the buyer reasonable time to obtain legal tender† (Business Law Today; page 329). In this case Tuner offered Signal a check on the day of delivery, but Signal refuses, claiming the first delivery to new customers is always for cash. So signal must than give Tuner reasonable time to pay. In this case Tuner promises to pay the cash within two days. Therefore Signal is wrong and Tuner did not breach for not paying on day of delivery. Signal is most likely not going to succeed on his claims.

Multisystem Case - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3515 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? Running head: MULTISYSTEM CASE Multisystem Case Scenario Demis Russu Section Instructor: Josanne Christian Florida Hospital College of Health Sciences July 22, 2010 Abstract Mr. Jones presents to the ED with a complex combination of symptoms. Clinicians must swiftly evaluate and treat his conditions. Air way protection as well as hemodynamic stability is extremely important. Mr. Jones’s case requires rapid intervention as his condition has been worsening for the past week. Pathology and treatment options are explored to enrich the educational component. Emotional support and long term treatment options must be discussed with Mr. Jones in order to meet his needs. Multisystem Case Study Heart failure (HF) is approaching epidemic levels. The statistics are staggering. Approximately 5 million people are currently diagnosed with HF in the U. S. with 550,000 being diagnosed yearly; health care cost is approaching an exorbitant $28 billion annually (Rasmusson Renlund, 200 6). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presently the fourth leading cause of death world wide (Kara, 2005). As nurses it is imperative that we educate patients and their family members on risk reduction, identifying early signs and symptoms and latest treatment advances made towards controlling chronic conditions such as HF and COPD. Scenario Mr. Jones 68 y/o male arrives at the Emergency Department (ED) with complaints of increased dyspnea with exertion for the past three days, weight gain of 6 lbs in the last week, swelling to legs and feet and a noticeable decrease in urination. Mr. Jones does have a history of congestive heart failure (CHF), emphysema, hypertension, Type II diabetes nd rheumatic fever as a child. The patient admits to a long history of cigarette smoking having decreased his smoking to ? a pack daily since being diagnosed with emphysema five years ago. On initial assessment Mr. Jones appeared stated age but fatigued, was alert and oriented to time , place and situation, pupils 3 equal and reactive. Blood pressure 156/94, heart rate 102, rhythm sinus tachycardia, heart tones includes S3 gallop, denies chest pain and peripheral pulses were palpable with weak bilateral post-tibial and dorsalis pedis. Lung sounds were clear upper lobes with crackles in bilateral lower lobes, patient is dyspnic on exertion. Pulse oximeter 88% on room air, oxygen was applied at 2 l/m via nasal cannula which improved oxygen saturation to 94%. Abdomen obese had positive bowel sounds in all four quadrants, non-tender, non-distended, last bowel movement was yesterday morning. Mr. Jones reports a decrease in urinary frequency as well as amount, recalls urinating very small amount twice daily in the past two days. Skin was intact, has 3 + bilateral lower extremity edema. Mr. Jones reports the following medication regime: Altace 5mg PO twice daily, Toprol XL 25mg PO daily, Aldactone 25mg PO daily, Advair Diskus 250/50 mcg inhaler twice daily and Spi riva 1 cap inhaled daily. Mr. Jones reports that he has not taken his medications in the past 7 days because he did not have the money to purchase them. The ED physician orders the following tests: complete blood count, complete metabolic profile, thyroid level, lipid profile, homocysteine levels, Troponin I every 8 hrs x 3, BNP, HGBA1C, ABG, EKG, CXR, 2D Echo and a Cardiology consult. Order for Lasix 40 mg IV every 8 hrs with the first dose to be given stat was written. A urethral catheter was inserted in order to maintain strict IO and 1500 ml fluid restriction was ordered. Chronic Disease Review: Congestive Heart Failure Definition According to Brashers heart failure affects 10% of the population over the age of 65 and is the most frequent reason for hospital admission in this age group (2008). HF encompasses several types of cardiac malfunction which results in insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues and organs. The most common cause of HF results from left ventricular dysfunction which includes both systolic and diastolic heart failure. Right ventricular dysfunction (also known as cor pulmonale) in the absence of left ventricular dysfunction can be attributed to pulmonary disease such as emphysema which is also referred to as COPD. Signs and Symptoms Signs and symptoms of left heart failure result from pulmonary vascular congestion and insufficient perfusion to tissues and organs. Brashers describes patients experience fatigue, edema, decreased urine out put dyspnea, orthopnea, and frothy sputum (2008). Physical exam will reveal pulmonary edema, hypertension or hypotension, S3 gallop and possible evidence of acute or chronic CAD. Mr. Jones did present fatigued with dyspnea on exertion, crackles bilaterally, he does have an audible S3 gallop, and blood pressure is 156/94. Edema of the bilateral lower extremities is evident at 3+ as well as Mr. Jones reports a 6 lb weight gain in the past week as well as decreased urine output. Pa thophysiology Systolic heart failure (SHF) is the inability of the heart to produce a cardiac output sufficient enough to perfuse major organs and tissues. Cardiac output depends on the heart rate and stroke volume. Stoke volume is affected by contractility, preload and afterload (Brashers, 2008). Contractility is affected by disease processes such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, myocardial ischemias, and inflammatory, immune or neurohumoral changes. According to Brashers preload increases due to excess in vascular volume which can result from intravenous fluid administration, renal failure and mitral valvular disease (2008). Frank-Starling’s law states that increasing the ventricular end-diastolic volume will cause a stretching effect of the myocardium causing a stronger contraction which results in improved cardiac output; however prolonged increased preload will ultimately lead to decreased contractility as this myocardial stretching will cause sarcomere dysfunction. Aortic valvular disease or hypertension is responsible for increases in afterload. Persistent increased peripheral vascular resistance leads to ventricular hypertrophy. Brashers explain hypertrophy results in deposition of collagen between myocytes, causing ventricular remodeling consequently reducing the contractility properties of the myocardium resulting in a dilated and less compliant ventricle (2008). The vicious (in this case) rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system gets activated by poor cardiac output and decreased renal perfusion. Our body’s natural instinct to maintain homeostasis is stimulated. Barrow receptors which detect a decrease in perfusion stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to cause further vasoconstriction and antidiuretic hormone is release by the hypothalamus causing the kidneys to hold on to fluid. Mr. Jones fits the above criteria exhibiting symptoms of dyspnea, edema, has the classic HF murmur S3 gallop, is hypertensiv e and reports decreased urine out put with weight gain. Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is associated with delayed relaxation and increasing left ventricular rigidity which prevents adequate filling and decreases the ability to properly eject blood (Redderson, 2008). DHF occurring singly is described as pulmonary congestion with a normal cardiac output and stroke volume. Brashers describes DHF as the causative condition of 40% to 50% of all cases of left heart failure with a higher incidents in women (2008). Increased pressure at the end of diastole in the left ventricle is reflected back within the pulmonary circulation causing pulmonary congestion. Causes of DHF include myocardial ischemia, left ventricular hypertrophy induced by chronic hypertension, valvular diseases, cardiomyopathies and pericardial diseases. During exercise individuals with DHF are not able to compensate for the increased demands, therefore the heart is not able to increase cardiac output since the left ve ntricle is hypokinetic. Signs and symptoms include dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, evidence of pulmonary edema, hypertension coronary disease and valvular disease (Brashers, 2008). Mr. Jones could have DHF as he does present with appropriate symptoms however his symptoms are more indicative of SHF and the test results will help differentiate between the two. Right heart failure may result from left heart failure due to increased pressures in the left ventricle which reflects back into the pulmonary circulation. The right ventricle is not designed to cope with high pressures therefore it hypertrophies and fails. In the absence of left heart failure the cause is related to hypoxic pulmonary disease such as COPD, ARDS and cystic fibrosis causing pulmonary hpertension. Cardiac related conditions which affect contractility include pulmonic valvular disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathies (Brashers, 2008). Sings and symptoms include decreased cardiac out put during exerci se; EKG shows right ventricular hypertrophy, jugular venous distension, peripheral edema and hepatosplenomegalaly. Mr. Jones has a long history of smoking and he continues to smoke despite being diagnosed with emphysema five years ago. Tobacco use is the primary risk factor for developing COPD. Mr. Jones’s symptoms as well as his history and risk factors support a combination of left heart failure as well as right heart failure. Diagnostic Screening and Evaluation: Radiographic Laboratory Diagnostic blood work is ordered in order to support the condition suspected and rule out other conditions that may mimic HF, as well as to determine the severity of HF. EKG will identify the heart rhythm, right ventricular hypertrophy as well as conduction abnormalities or myocardial infarction. BNP level is an indicator of B-type natiuretic peptide which is secreted by the heart in order to maintain fluid balance, elevated levels support HF. CBC will rule out anemia and infectious proc esses. CMP will give us an indication of electrolyte status, renal, hepatic and pancreatic function. Thyroid profile will show thyroid function, as it can also affect cardiac function, lipid profile will show good and bad cholesterol levels. HGBA1C shows glycemic control for the past 3 months, ABG will demonstrate respiratory and metabolic status. Cardiac enzymes will determine if Mr. Jones is actively experiencing a myocardial infarction. CXR can support pulmonary congestion along with cardiomegally infiltrates, pleural effusion as well as differentiate COPD. A 2D Echo will show valvular function, kinesis of the myocardium as well as ejection fraction. Cardiology consult is requested because cardiologists are specifically trained to treat HF. Mr. Jones’s results were as follows: CBC, thyroid levels are normal; CMP shows elevated creatinine which indicates renal insufficiency. Lipid profile supports hyperlipidemia. Cardiac enzymes are negative, BNP is grossly elevated, and HGBA1C shows very poor glycemic control for the past three months. ABG shows a compensated pH with a PaO2 of 69. CXR reveals cardiomegally, and gross pulmonary congestion, EKG sinus tachycardia, right ventricular hypertrophy. Echo cardiogram confirms an EF of 30% and right and left ventricular hypertrophy and mitral valve stenosis. In 2001 and again in 2005 the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) collaborated to create a frame work which allows providers to understand the progression and HF. Heart failure progression is defined in four stages A, B, C, and D, beginning with at risk patients all the way to end-stage disease (Rasmusson, 2006). Treatment Interventions Rationale Dr. Heart reviews all the available information and places Mr. Jones in Stage C class of HF. Mr. Jones exhibits acute decompensated symptoms such as dyspnea, lower extremity edema, pulmonary congestion, remodeling of the left ventricle from chronic hypertension resulting in structural changes. Also important to mention are the co-morbidities, such as Diabetes and COPD. According to Rasmusson treatment options must focus on reduction of morbidity and mortality. Pharmacologic agents include ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta-blockers and aldosterone antagonists, as well as diuretics and digoxin. Treatment goal is to block neurohormones preventing the cycle of decreasing contractility, increasing preload and afterload, and relieving pulmonary congestion (2006). In the acute treatment phase emphasis is placed on stabilizing hemodynamics, correcting fluid volume, determination of etiology, and reversing conditions that can be reversed. Long term care includes vital patient and family education, appropriate titration of pharmacologic agents, salt restriction, and possibly cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). CRT refers to bi-ventricular pacing which allows synchronization of the left ventricle consequently improving the ejection fraction (EF) which is normally 55%-70% (Brashers, 2008). Patients with an EF . 12 seconds are at a high risk for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death therefore an implantable cardiac defibrillator is recommended (Rasmusson, 2006). Treatment for DHF focuses on improving ventricular relaxation, and prolonging diastolic filling times in order to reduce diastolic pressure. Inotropic drugs are not indicated in isolated diastolic heart failure since contractility and EF are not affected although digoxin may be used in patients with atrial fibrillation in order to achieve rate control (Brashers, 2008). Prevention Mr. Jones presented to the ED with exacerbation of HF related to non-compliance with medication regime. In this case patient education is of up-most importance. Hospitalization prevention is important due to the exorbitant costs. Patient education will focus on medication compliance, and signs and symptoms of exacerbations. Having the ability to recognize early symptoms will allow Mr. J ones to visit his physician, which could adjust the medication regime, impose a fluid and salt restrictions, as well as provide aggressive diuresis at the office in order to prevent a hospital admission. A social worker consult should be arranged in order to provide assistance with indigent issues. Chronic Disease Review: COPD or Emphysema Definition Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease includes pathologic lung changes consistent with emphysema or chronic bronchitis (Brashers, 2008). There is a permanent enlargement of gas exchange airways in conjunction with destruction of alveolar walls with out apparent fibrosis. Loss of elastic recoil is the causative factor of airflow limitation. The major cause of COPD is cigarette smoking even though childhood respiratory infections and air pollution are known to be contributing factors (Brashers, 2008). Signs and Symptom Clinical manifestations of COPD include, dyspnea, wheezing, and prolonged expiration. Individuals will have a classic barrel chest appearance. Late in the course of COPD patients will experience chronic hypoventilation, polycythemia and cor pulmonale also known as righ heart failure. Fatigue, weight loss, poor appetite as well as sleep disturbance may occur. Mr. Jones does have dyspnea, however it is unclear if it is related to the HF or COPD, nonetheless his history and test results do support a combination of conditions all exacerbated by his non-compliance with the prescribed medication regime (Kara, 2005) Pathophysiology The irreversible process begins with destruction of the alveolar septa consequently increasing the volume of air in the acinus. Pollutant particles stimulate inflammation resulting in alveolar destruction and loss of elastic recoil of the bronchi. This destruction produces bullae and blebs which are not effective in gas exchange resulting in hypoxemia due to ventilation – perfusion mismatching. The loss of elastic recoil reduces the volume of air that can be expire d making expiration difficult and causing air to become trapped in the lungs. Hyperexpansion is the result of trapped air, which stresses the muscles of respiration, therefore late in the course of disease hyperventilation and hypercapnia develops (Brashers, 2008). In non-smokers and individuals who develop the diseases before the age of 40 the causative factor is a rare genetic condition, which involves a deficiency of ? 1- antitrypsin which does not inhibit proteolysis in the lung tissue (Kara, 2005). Diagnostic Screening and Evaluation: Radiographic Laboratory Pulmonary function testing, arterial blood gas, high-resolution computed tomography and chest x-ray are used for diagnoses. Pulmonary function measurements, such as vital capacity (VC) and particularly forced expiratory volume (FEV1) are helpful in determining the stage of the disease. In 1998 the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) was established to generate recommendations for COPD manage ment based on the latest scientific evidence available to date (Kara, 2005). COPD can be classified into four stages Stage I – Stage IV, from mild where the individual is not even aware the condition exists to very severe where essentially respiratory failure is present based on the results of FEV1 and patient’s symptoms. Mr. Jones appears to be in Stage II to Stage III due to fatigue, shortness of breath and recent exacerbation. Again important to mention is that Mr. Jones has multiple processes involved therefore his symptoms are caused by a cumulative effect. Treatment Interventions Rationale Treatment for COPD is based on primary prevention, relieving symptoms, improvement of over all health status and exercise tolerance, diligent treatment of exacerbations and complications (Kara, 2005). Educating on smoking cessation and ensuring immunizations are up to date is crucial. Acute and chronic symptoms will be managed with bronchodilators such as ipratropium and B2 -agonists, in severe cases the use of methylxanthines, intravenous, inhaled or oral steroids and home oxygen may be required. Adequate nutrition is also very important. Lastly pulmonary rehabilitation is aimed at improving functional capacity and quality of life (Kara, 2005). Mr. Jones exacerbation of symptoms is related to medication non-compliance and continued smoking. Nebulizer treatments with DuoNeb (albuterol/ipratropium) every 4 hrs and prn via nebulizer and steroids would decrease the severity of symptoms. In the event that tachycardia persists a switch to Xopenex/ipratropium would be beneficial, as Xopenex has less incidence of inducing tachycardia. Supplemental oxygen was applied upon pulse oximetry reading. Antibiotic therapy would be considered if there were signs of infectious processes. Prevention Prevention focuses on patient education and medication compliance. Assessment of Mr. Jones’s cognitive status is important to facilitate educational conversation that he would understand. Indigent support in order to encourage medication compliance is important although realistically not always available. Chronic Disease Review: Rheumatic Fever Definition Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease caused by the group A ? -hemolytic streptococcus, characterized by inflammation of the joints, nervous system and heart. When not appropriately treated, rheumatic fever will cause scarring and deformity of cardiac structures (Brashers, 2008). Signs and Symptoms Rheumatic fever often exhibits symptoms that are common to other conditions such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, arthralagia, lymphadenopathy and epitaxis and fever. According to Kara the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization developed the following criteria for diagnosis purposes: carditis, erythema marginatum, acute migratory polyarthritis and chorea (2005). Pathophysiology Rheumatic fever occurs as a consequence to a pharyngeal infection by group A ? -hemolytic streptococcus which causes an abnormal humoral and cell-mediated immune response. Brashers explains; the immune response cross-reacts with molecularly similar self-antigens on brain, muscle, heart and joints resulting in an autoimmune response that inflames and potentially scars these tissues (2008). The inflammation may subside before treatment; however damage to the heart valves remains. Individuals with CHF and pericarditis suffered significant damage. Endocardial inflammation can cause swelling of the valve leaflets and aggregation of clumps of vegetations containing platelets and fibrin become deposited on valvular tissues causing stenotic valves. If the inflammation is able to penetrate the myocardium it may cause carimegally and left heart failure due to fibrin deposits also known as Aschoff bodies (Brashers, 2008). According to the test results Mr. Jones has mitral valve stenosis, cardiomegaly and HF. Unfortunately Mr. Jones had rheumatic fever as a child w hich may be the causative factor of his HF. Diagnostic Screening and Evaluation: Radiographic Laboratory In the acute phase rheumatic fever is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms plus by positive throat culture for grop A ? -hemolytic streptococci, antistreptolysin O antibody titers 250 Todd units, elevated values of anti-DNase B, antihyaluronidase, antistreptozyme, WBC, ESR, and CRP (Kara, 2005). Treatment Interventions Rationale Therapy is focused on eradicating the streptococcal infection trough appropriate antibiotic therapy. Other pharmacologic agents include NSAIDS, cardiac glycosides, corticosteroids, and diuretics (Brashers, 2008). In the event that there is significant hemodynamic instability related to damaged valves than surgical intervention may be required. Conclusion In conclusion Mr. Jones presents with an intricate combination of symptoms requiring a systematic approach with focus on alleviating symptoms, and educating the patient on preventative measures. I s the history of rheumatic fever a key factor in the patient’s extremely poor condition? It may very well be a component of Mr. Jones’s issues. Risk factors such as poor glycemic control, smoking, and poor nutritional status in addition to the co-morbidities associated with COPD, Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and HF certainly add to the severity of the situation. Serious consideration needs to be given to quality of life issues, at this point a Living Will and Code Status should be discussed with Mr. Jones. Frequent hospitalizations and chronic conditions can place a big burden on resources as well as emotional well being. Mr. Jones may requires rehab prior to discharge home, or even decide to try a long term placement facility for better medical management of his condition. Mr. Jones may require a surgical consult for valve replacement and/or a cardiology consult for a bi-ventricular pacer / automated implantable cardiac defibrillator. Much emphasis nee ds to be placed on education; most importantly smoking cessation, identifying early signs and symptoms of HF and COPD exacerbation and medical regime compliance. As nurses we have to quickly identify educational opportunities and provide our patients the necessary tools for them to actively accomplish positive and therapeutic change. As nurses we are often the first and last row of defense for our valuable patients. References Brashers, V. L. 2008). Alterations of cardiovascular function. In S. Huether, K. McCance, (Ed. ), Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed. ) (pp. 606-675). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. Brashers, V. L. (2008). Alterations of pulmonary function. In S. Huether, K. McCance, (Ed. ), Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed. ) (pp. 693-713). St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. Kara, M. (2005). Preparing nurses for the global pandemic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(2), 127-133. Retrieved from CINAHL database. Rasmusson, K. , Hall, J. , Renlund, D. (2006). Heart failure epidemic: boiling to the surface. Nurse Practitioner, 31(11), 12. Retrieved from CINAHL database Redderson, L. , Keen, C. , Nasir, L. , Berry, D. (2008). Diastolic heart failure: state of the science on best treatment practices [corrected] [published erratum appears in J AM ACAD NURSE PRACT 2008 Nov;20(11):576]. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20(10), 506-514. Retrieved from CINAHL database. Roodpeyma, S. , Kamali, Z. , Zare, R. (2005). Rheumatic fever: The relationship between clinical manifestations and laboratory tests. Journal of Paediatrics Child Health, 41(3), 97-100. doi:10. 1111/j. 1440-1754. 2005. 00557. x. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Multisystem Case" essay for you Create order